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Back美國期中選舉後,AI放緩憂慮重創全球大型科技股,韓國股市熔斷
美國期中選舉後,AI放緩憂慮重創全球大型科技股,韓國股市熔斷
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BBC中文21 minutes agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

美國期中選舉後,AI放緩憂慮重創全球大型科技股,韓國股市熔斷

民主黨勝選引發對數據中心擴張放緩的擔憂,納斯達克創2025年以來最差單日表現,亞洲與歐洲科技股同步重挫

Quick Look

美國中期選舉後,主張放緩AI發展的民主黨勝選,引發全球科技股大拋售。納斯達克下跌超過5.5%,蒸發約2.5兆美元市值;輝達、台積電、SK海力士等晶片股重挫,亞洲與歐洲股市同步下跌。市場擔憂AI基礎設施投資回報與數據中心建設可能受限。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國中期選舉後,主張放緩AI發展與數據中心擴張的民主黨候選人勝出,並掌控國會。市場原本已擔憂AI基礎設施的龐大投資能否帶來回報,選舉結果加劇了對監管收緊與建設暫停的擔憂,引發全球科技股拋售。

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在美國期中選舉引發外界對人工智慧(AI)發展放緩的憂慮之後,美國及亞洲主要科技企業市值蒸發數以千億美元計,全球股市出現大幅拋售。

隨著主張放緩AI發展的民主黨候選人在選舉中勝出,科技及人工智慧相關企業股價應聲大跌。

根據道瓊數據,以科技股為主的納斯達克綜合指數收市下跌超過5.5%,市值蒸發約2.5兆美元(1.9兆英鎊);其他美國主要股指亦出現顯著跌幅,創下自2025年以來最差單日表現。

這波拋售潮也反映市場原本就存在的憂慮,即企業在AI領域投入的龐大資金最終能否帶來回報。

亞洲方面,以科技股為主的股市指數週五早盤大幅下跌,生產AI所需晶片及相關設備的企業股價紛紛走低。

日本日經225指數早盤下跌6%,記憶體晶片製造商鎧俠(Kioxia)股價重挫逾12.6%,競爭對手東京威力科創(Tokyo Electron)則下跌9.5%。

韓國晶片製造商SK海力士(SK Hynix)下跌超過11.5%,三星電子(Samsung)跌幅接近10%。

首爾股市的拋售潮導致韓國綜合股價指數(Kospi)暴跌超過8.5%,並觸發所謂的「熔斷機制」(circuit breaker),即透過暫停交易來抑制恐慌性賣盤。

台灣加權股價指數(Taiex)下跌超過8.3%,晶圓代工龍頭台積電(TSMC)重挫近8.5%。

MarketWatch晶片產業分析師布蘭妮.阮(Britney Nguyen)表示,這反映出市場對AI基礎建設支出規模的擔憂「正在持續發酵」。

數據中心的壓力

民主黨候選人在全美多場選戰中主張放緩數據中心與人工智慧產業的擴張,而全國各地選票上也出現數十項旨在限制這類基礎設施發展的提案。

隨著民主黨在週二期中選舉中拿下參議院與眾議院控制權,他們將在特朗普(Donald Trump)剩餘任期內掌握國會主導權。

德州新當選的民主黨籍州長吉娜·伊諾霍薩(Gina Hinojosa)競選期間便大力反對數據中心擴張,並承諾暫停批准新的數據中心建設計畫。

特朗普則在社群媒體上將股市重挫歸咎於政治對手。

他寫道:「股市因為這次選舉結果,經歷了歷史上最糟糕的一天之一。」

以及,「記住,不是共和黨,而是『笨主黨』(Dumocrats,嘲諷民主黨的說法)。但不用害怕,不管用什麼方法,我們很快就會變得比以往更加強大。讓美國再次偉大!」

部分民主黨人士則認為,人工智慧產業在缺乏足夠監管與安全防護措施下發展過快,因此希望利用掌握國會的新權力加以約束。

民主黨參議員伯尼·桑德斯(Bernie Sanders)週四在X平台發文表示:「美國人民不希望大型科技寡頭破壞環境、摧毀工作機會,並威脅人類未來。現在就應實施全國性的數據中心建設暫停令。」

華爾街遭遇「新一輪恐慌」

高度依賴AI數據中心業務的企業,包括關鍵晶片製造商與半導體公司股價週四全面重挫,突顯投資人的憂慮其實早已逐漸累積。

歐洲股市週四交易時段,晶片製造商英飛凌(Infineon)股價下跌超過8.5%,科技設備製造商艾司摩爾(ASML)下跌6.5%。

輝達(Nvidia)股價下跌超過9%,市值蒸發逾4,000億美元。

其他晶片製造商也同樣受挫,超微(AMD)與美光(Micron)跌幅均超過17%;英特爾(Intel)下跌10.3%;記憶卡製造商閃迪(Sandisk)更暴跌超過22%。

追蹤30家大型半導體企業表現的費城半導體指數(Philadelphia Semiconductor Index)重挫超過12%。

馬斯克(Elon Musk)旗下的SpaceX與特斯拉(Tesla)股價也大幅下跌,分別下跌8%和接近11%,單日合計蒸發超過3,000億美元市值。

馬斯克先前曾投入近4.5億美元支持共和黨候選人,其中至少4,500萬美元協助肯·帕克斯頓(Ken Paxton)競選德州參議員席次,但德州最終仍在週二晚間出現所謂的「民主黨海嘯」,轉向支持民主黨。

整體而言,包括蘋果(Apple)、輝達與特斯拉在內的所謂「科技七巨頭」(Magnificent Seven),單日市值合計蒸發約1兆美元。

這波跌勢也波及美國其他主要股市指數。

標普500指數(S&P 500)收盤下跌4.4%;道瓊工業平均指數(Dow Jones Industrial Average)則回吐週三所有漲幅,收跌超過3.4%。

由於跌幅過大,納斯達克綜合指數(Nasdaq Composite)已進入市場人士所稱的「修正區間」(correction territory),即指數較近期高點回落至少10%。

財富俱樂部(Wealth Club)首席投資策略師蘇珊娜·斯特里特(Susannah Streeter)表示,納斯達克與標普500的大幅下跌正向全球市場傳遞衝擊波。

她指出:「圍繞AI投資的新一輪恐慌,已重創華爾街。」

「市場原本就擔心投入AI基礎設施的龐大資金未必能帶來投資人期待的回報,如今又面臨數據中心建設可能大幅放緩的風險,兩種憂慮同時爆發。」

盛寶銀行(Saxo)首席投資策略師查魯·查納納(Charu Chanana)則表示,未來數據中心審批將受到更嚴格檢視,而其對環境及電價的影響也可能拖延計畫進度並推高整體產業成本。

她表示,兩大政黨都希望確保美國在科技領域維持領先,「但支持AI發展,與允許基礎設施不計代價、不受限制地擴張,是兩回事。」

部分科技業領袖表示,他們對此次期中選舉反數據中心情緒的規模感到意外。

OpenAI總裁兼共同創辦人格雷格·布羅克曼(Greg Brockman)表示,他認為各界都對社會對數據中心的反應感到意外,而業界仍需做更多工作爭取地方社區支持。

布羅克曼週三晚間在加州納帕(Napa)舉行的《華爾街日報》科技會議(WSJ Tech conference)上表示:「過去一年來,我們逐漸意識到,身在舊金山、卻想在德州、喬治亞州以及其他地方興建基礎設施時,不能只是在社群媒體上發文說『這會是件好事』。你必須真正走進那些社區。」

Meta總裁黛娜·鮑威爾·麥考密克(Dina Powell McCormick)則表示,科技產業需要更努力向大眾說明AI的價值。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 民主黨將在國會提出限制數據中心建設的立法或監管措施

    Likely · Within months

  • 科技企業將加大遊說與社區溝通努力,以爭取地方支持數據中心建設

    Likely · Within months

  • AI相關股票在短期內將繼續承壓,直至監管政策明朗化

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 民主黨將具體採取哪些立法或監管措施來限制數據中心擴張?
  • 特朗普政府將如何回應國會由民主黨主導的新局面?
  • 數據中心建設暫停令是否會在全國範圍內實施,還僅限於特定州份?
  • 科技企業將如何調整AI基礎設施投資計畫以應對新的監管環境?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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