
分析師高燦鳴指出,輝達真正的威脅並非失去執行長黃仁勳,而是AI晶片壟斷地位正受到侵蝕。
知名分析師高燦鳴示警,輝達真正的威脅並非失去黃仁勳,而是AI晶片壟斷地位正受到侵蝕。隨著科技巨頭積極開發自家ASIC晶片與替代CUDA的軟體,輝達過去的競爭優勢恐逐漸瓦解。
AI-generated summary
輝達過去幾年掌握AI運算市場超過90%的市占率,並透過CUDA軟體生態系統建立競爭優勢。然而近期科技巨頭積極開發自家晶片。
高燦鳴示警輝達晶片霸權地位恐瓦解。(路透)
〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕輝達創辦人黃仁勳辭去執行長職務,恐怕還不是輝達面臨的最大危機。知名分析師高燦鳴(Tim Culpan)在最新評論中示警,輝達真正的威脅並非失去黃仁勳,而是AI晶片壟斷地位正受到侵蝕。隨著亞馬遜、微軟、OpenAI及Anthropic等科技巨頭積極開發自家晶片,輝達過去引以為傲的競爭優勢恐逐漸瓦解。他更直言,即使沒有輝達,AI產業仍能繼續發展。
高燦鳴(Tim Culpan)在其創辦的獨立媒體Culpium,發表題為「黃仁勳是方向舵,但輝達的引擎出了問題」的評論指出,幾個月前,黃仁勳在台北公開亮相時,仍穿著招牌皮衣,宛如搖滾巨星,自信地宣揚「買得越多,省得越多」的理念。當時全球企業爭相搶購輝達晶片,AI熱潮似乎離不開這位創辦人。
然而,隨著黃仁勳離開執行長職位,外界開始質疑輝達能否維持過去的成長動能。高燦鳴坦言,自己原先也低估了黃仁勳離開的可能性。他曾接受CNN訪問,認為輝達董事會應正視「關鍵人物風險」,但預期董事會可能透過加強監督、限制黃仁勳權力等方式處理,而非讓他離開。
高燦鳴形容,黃仁勳離開就像一艘船突然失去方向舵,但他強調,輝達還面臨更殘酷的現實:即使有方向舵,如果推動船隻前進的引擎出現問題,也無法繼續高速航行。
高燦鳴指出,輝達過去幾年AI革命最大的推動者與受益者,掌握AI運算市場超過90%的市占率。然而,這種近乎壟斷的優勢正面臨挑戰。亞馬遜、微軟、OpenAI及Anthropic等大型科技公司積極發展自家晶片,AMD也逐漸追趕,讓輝達不再是市場唯一選擇。
他認為,許多人仍相信輝達GPU技術領先,競爭對手難以撼動其地位。這項判斷在部分領域或許仍然正確,但不代表輝達能永遠保持優勢,更不代表所有AI應用都必須使用輝達晶片。
真正值得注意的是客製化晶片ASIC的崛起。高燦鳴強調,每一套採用科技巨頭自研ASIC晶片的AI伺服器系統,都意味著少了一套可能採用輝達GPU的系統。過去AI市場快速擴張,所有業者都有機會分享成長紅利,但未來即使整體市場持續成長,輝達所占的比例仍可能逐漸縮小。
除了硬體競爭,輝達長期建立的CUDA軟體生態系統,也面臨挑戰。CUDA過去讓開發者高度依賴輝達平台,提高客戶轉換晶片供應商的成本。然而,隨著大型科技公司投入更多資源開發替代方案,部分客戶已開始嘗試降低對CUDA的依賴,輝達最重要的競爭護城河恐逐漸受到侵蝕。
高燦鳴進一步指出,AI產業正面臨一項重要的商業模式轉變:從大量投入資金訓練模型,逐漸轉向透過AI推論創造收入。
他將AI訓練比喻為建造工廠,推論則像把產品送到客戶手中的配送車輛。訓練模型需要龐大的運算資源與資本支出,但真正能讓AI企業持續獲利的,是模型完成訓練後提供服務的推論階段。
如果AI企業放慢訓練速度,可能直接減少晶片採購,也可能把更多預算轉向推論。高燦鳴認為,兩種情況都可能對輝達不利,尤其科技巨頭正在開發的許多ASIC晶片,正是針對推論工作負載設計。
由於推論效率只要小幅改善,就可能大幅提高AI服務的獲利能力,科技公司有強烈誘因自行設計晶片,而非持續購買輝達的標準化GPU。
高燦鳴更以蘋果拋棄英特爾、轉向自研晶片為例,說明科技巨頭為何希望掌握晶片設計能力。對大型企業而言,自研晶片不僅能降低對供應商的依賴,也有助於針對自身產品需求最佳化效能與成本。
以Anthropic為例,高燦鳴指出,博通(Broadcom)將是其未來幾年重要的基礎設施合作夥伴。博通除了擁有晶片設計能力,也協助大型雲端業者開發客製化ASIC。Anthropic其他資料中心合作夥伴,包括亞馬遜、Google及微軟,也都朝降低晶片依賴的方向發展。
相較之下,Nscale、Lambda等新興雲端運算業者雖然仍高度依賴輝達,但在Anthropic整體基礎設施布局中的占比相對有限。這意味著輝達最大的客戶群,正逐漸培養自行供應AI運算能力的本事。
高燦鳴也提到,輝達近年積極布局機器人、自動駕駛及數位孿生等新領域,試圖尋找AI運算以外的成長動能,但目前尚未看到足夠證據,顯示這些業務能在未來幾年成為主要營收支柱。
他強調,AI革命確實存在,而且將是這一代人最重要的科技變革之一,但這不代表輝達能永遠維持過去幾年的驚人成長速度。未來AI產業創造的更多經濟利益,可能逐漸流向大型雲端服務商與AI模型開發公司。
文章最後,高燦鳴提出一個發人深省的問題:沒有黃仁勳,輝達還能繼續發展嗎?這當然值得關注,但更重要的是,沒有輝達,AI產業還能繼續發展嗎?他的答案是:「可以。」

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