Albania, huge fines for those who participate in violent protests

Albania has introduced fines of up to 5,500 euros for demonstrators who participate in a protest that ends in violence, even if they do not personally commit acts of violence. The decision is an attempt by the government to suppress demonstrations calling for the prime minister's resignation. Tirana has been convulsed for months by anti-government protests which in recent days have degenerated into violent clashes between security forces and demonstrators. The movement, without a defined leadership, was born peacefully in May with demonstrations against a project to build a luxury hotel in a nature reserve, supported by US President Donald Trump's son-in-law, Jared Kushner.

The escalation

In mid-October, the situation escalated into a wave of student protests against alleged corruption, the failings of the healthcare system and the lack of prospects for young people in a country of 2.3 million people. Prime Minister Edi Rama's government has adopted legislation imposing fines of up to 500,000 lek (5,500 euros, $6,130) on "anyone who chooses to remain in a crowd" who carries out acts of violence or looting in a public space, or "hides their identity". The average gross salary in Albania is 930 euros per month. Police have also been given powers to temporarily restrict gatherings in certain areas, including those near education, health and government institutions, if there is a risk of violence.