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BackAnthropic 擴大 Claude 文字浮水印,11月3日起涵蓋4款舊模型
Anthropic 擴大 Claude 文字浮水印,11月3日起涵蓋4款舊模型
Developing
自由时报2 hours agoTech9 min readChinaView translation

Anthropic 擴大 Claude 文字浮水印,11月3日起涵蓋4款舊模型

Anthropic 宣布將於 11 月 3 日起在四款既有 Claude 模型加入 SynthID-Text 文字浮水印,以符合歐盟人工智慧法透明度規定。

Quick Look

Anthropic 宣布自 11 月 3 日起,於 Claude Mythos 5、Opus 4.7、Opus 4.6 及 Sonnet 4.6 四款既有模型全面加入 SynthID-Text 文字浮水印,旨在符合歐盟《人工智慧法》規範。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

Anthropic 在今年 8 月 14 日公布 Claude 的文字浮水印技術,並將其逐步套用於新舊模型以符合歐盟法規。

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Anthropic 近日通知 Claude API 客戶,將從11月3日起在四款既有模型加入文字浮水印,包括 Claude Mythos 5、Opus 4.7、Opus 4.6 及 Sonnet 4.6。這項技術已用於較新的 Claude Opus 5.5 等模型,主要用來辨識文字是否曾經由 Claude 生成或處理過。浮水印不會額外增加文字或耗用多的 token,也不影響 API 的輸出格式與計費方式,但其中兩款模型存在特殊限制,開發者若自行調整取樣參數,產生的文字就可能不帶有浮水印。

據外媒《The Decoder》報導,Anthropic 已向使用上述模型的企業寄送通知,說明這次新增的文字標記機制。首波預定11月3日在 Anthropic 自家 Claude Platform 啟用,透過 Amazon Bedrock 使用相同模型的客戶,可能還需多等幾天。由於這項功能是在模型層級實作,未來也會延伸至支援該模型的其他 Claude 產品及雲端平台。Anthropic 早在今年8月14日便公布 Claude 的文字浮水印技術,並表示8月2日後推出的新模型,將從上線時就具備機器可讀的內容標記。這次則是把相同機制逐步加入較舊的模型。目前 Opus 5.5、Sonnet 5.5、Haiku 5.5 等新款模型已支援文字浮水印,Opus 4.5、Sonnet 4.5 等更早版本則仍在分階段導入。

這種浮水印與一般印在圖片角落的標誌不同,也不是在文章中插入肉眼看不見的特殊字元。Anthropic 採用的是 Google DeepMind 先前提出的 SynthID-Text 技術變體,在模型產生文字時,在選詞過程留下具有統計特徵的模式。大型語言模型生成文字時,經常會遇到數個意思相近、都適合放進句子的候選詞。浮水印技術會在這些選擇之間調整取樣演算法,讓大量文字累積出可供辨識的規律。只有掌握對應偵測方法及金鑰的系統,才能分析這種模式是否存在。Anthropic 宣稱,內部測試未發現文字品質、創造力與可讀性出現明顯差異,對生成速度的影響也相當有限。由於浮水印藏在文字的選擇方式中,而非附加於檔案的資訊,將 Claude 產生的文章複製到電子郵件、文件或其他平台,通常仍能保留相關特徵。部分輕度修改也未必會讓浮水印消失,但如果經過大幅改寫、翻譯或刪減,偵測效果便可能下降。

這次更新還有一項值得 API 開發者注意的例外。根據 Anthropic 寄出的通知,Claude Opus 4.6 與 Sonnet 4.6 只有在 temperature、top_p、top_k 三項取樣參數全部維持預設值時,才會套用文字浮水印。只要其中一項改用非預設設定,浮水印便不會生效。這三項參數主要控制模型生成內容時的隨機程度與候選 token 選擇範圍。不少開發者會依應用需求調整,例如讓輸出更穩定,或增加文字的變化程度。因此,即使使用同一款模型,不同 API 設定也可能產生有無浮水印的差別。Anthropic 特別提醒,若企業需要依賴浮水印滿足合規要求,應保留相關參數的預設設定。

Anthropic 推動浮水印,主要是為了符合歐盟《人工智慧法》(AI Act)第50條的透明度規定。該法自2026年8月2日開時啟用,要求生成式 AI 系統提供者,在技術可行的範圍內,讓 AI 產生的文字、影像、音訊及影片帶有機器可讀、可供偵測的標記。對8月2日前已上市的系統,歐盟另設過渡期,相關內容標記與偵測義務須於12月2日前符合規定。Anthropic 已於7月簽署歐盟的 AI 生成內容透明度行為準則,並決定將文字標記套用至全球支援地區,而非僅限歐盟用戶。公司先前解釋,現階段尚未建立能長期可靠區分不同地區的標記機制,因此採用全球一致的部署方式。

值得注意的是,歐盟法規對模型供應商與內容發布者的義務並不完全相同。模型供應商需要提供機器可讀標記,使用 AI 發布公共利益相關資訊的機構,則可能另外涉及向讀者揭露 AI 參與程度的責任。依歐盟現行規範,經過實質人工審查、編輯控制並由相關人員承擔編輯責任的文字,可能適用揭露義務的例外;單純修正文法或錯字,則不構成充分的人工審查。

對出版商、新聞媒體及企業內容團隊而言,另一個問題是浮水印要如何檢查。Anthropic 已提供專用的文字浮水印偵測 API,但目前仍處於私人預覽階段,主要提供監管機構、執法單位、媒體、事實查核組織、研究人員,以及有相關合規需求的企業申請使用。一般 Claude 用戶尚無法直接將文章貼進公開工具,就取得官方的文字浮水印偵測結果。Anthropic 也提醒,偵測到浮水印只能表示 Claude 可能曾參與文字生成或處理,無法直接判斷整篇文章是否由 AI 獨立撰寫。例如作者先完成原稿,再交由 Claude 翻譯或大幅修改,輸出同樣可能留下浮水印;反過來說,沒有偵測到標記,也不能證明文章完全由真人創作。

除了文字,Anthropic 還使用另一套檔案來源標示機制。當 Claude 產生 PNG、JPEG 等支援格式的檔案時,系統可加入採用 C2PA 標準的數位簽署內容憑證,記錄檔案曾經由 Claude 處理。這類憑證保存在檔案的中繼資料中,能透過公開的 Claude Content Checker 檢查,與文字內嵌式浮水印並不相同。若檔案經過格式轉換或中繼資料遭到移除,憑證也可能隨之消失。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 四款既有 Claude 模型於 11 月 3 日起加入文字浮水印

    Very likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 私人預覽階段的偵測 API 何時會向一般大眾開放?
  • Opus 4.6 與 Sonnet 4.6 在自訂取樣參數下的替代標記機制為何?

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