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Back台積電與ASML:AI晶片產業關鍵企業具競爭優勢
台積電與ASML:AI晶片產業關鍵企業具競爭優勢
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

台積電與ASML:AI晶片產業關鍵企業具競爭優勢

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報導指出,台積電掌握先進晶片製造與大規模量產能力,ASML則控制關鍵半導體設備技術,兩家公司在AI晶片產業鏈中佔據不可替代的地位,具備長期投資價值。

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Why It Matters

AI熱潮推升全球半導體需求,台積電與ASML分別在晶片製造與關鍵設備領域佔據主導地位,成為AI晶片產業不可或缺的環節。

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台積電。(彭博資料照)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕人工智慧(AI)熱潮持續推升全球半導體需求,輝達(NVIDIA)、英特爾(Intel)等晶片大廠受到市場高度關注,但在AI晶片產業背後,還有2家關鍵企業扮演不可或缺的角色。外媒《The Motley Fool》點名台積電(TSMC)與艾司摩爾(ASML),認為2家公司分別掌握先進晶片製造與關鍵設備技術,在半導體產業建立起極難被競爭對手取代的競爭優勢,是值得長期持有的投資標的。

報導指出,晶片技術是目前AI市場持續擴張的重要基礎,而真正掌握先進技術與大規模生產能力的企業,往往能在產業鏈中占據重要位置。雖然輝達、英特爾等品牌更為投資人熟悉,但台積電與ASML同樣是AI晶片產業不可忽視的關鍵企業。

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其中,台積電最大的優勢之一,就是先進製程技術與大規模量產能力。

報導指出,輝達負責設計旗下先進AI晶片,但幾乎100%的晶片製造都交由台積電負責。除了輝達之外,包括蘋果(Apple)在內,許多自行設計晶片的AI與科技企業,也都使用台積電的晶圓代工服務。

台積電的競爭優勢主要來自兩方面。首先是持續推進先進製程技術,其次則是具備將先進製程大規模量產的能力。報導引述數據指出,台積電今年第2季占全球晶圓代工營收比重估計達72.5%。

這意味著,即使晶片設計公司希望更換代工夥伴,要找到另一家能夠以相同效率與規模生產先進晶片的企業,也並非容易的事。

值得注意的是,就連英特爾有時也會尋求台積電協助生產晶片,凸顯台積電在全球半導體供應鏈中的重要性。

另一方面,ASML掌握的則是半導體製造設備的關鍵技術。

ASML是全球最重要的半導體設備製造商之一,尤其在極紫外光(EUV)微影設備領域具有關鍵地位。EUV設備可用於製造先進製程晶片,在晶片上形成極為微小的電路結構,是先進半導體製程的重要設備。

報導認為,ASML的競爭優勢來自數十年累積的研發技術、專利與產業合作關係,其他企業想在短時間內複製這套技術並不容易。

簡單來說,台積電掌握的是「把先進晶片大量做出來」的能力,而ASML掌握的是「製造先進晶片所需關鍵設備」的技術。兩家公司位於半導體產業不同環節,卻都與AI晶片的持續發展密切相關。

報導同時指出,這兩檔股票多年來的表現都相當不錯,而市場對兩家公司的高度需求,也曾讓它們在部分時期出現較高的估值,若以預期本益比來看,報導指出,目前ASML的估值高於台積電,但兩家公司的估值與過去數年的平均水準相比,並未出現明顯偏離。

隨著全球持續擴充晶圓廠、AI伺服器與高效能運算(HPC)需求增加,先進晶片的需求也持續受到市場關注,擁有強大的競爭護城河,隨著全球持續興建更多晶圓廠,以滿足不斷增加的晶片需求,兩家公司營收與獲利預計也將持續成長。

《The Motley Fool》認為,台積電與ASML都具備強大的競爭護城河,隨著全球持續興建更多晶圓廠,以滿足不斷增加的晶片需求,2家公司營收與獲利仍具有成長空間。

至於投資選擇,報導作者認為,如果只能從2家公司中選擇1檔,考量台積電當時的估值相對ASML便宜,因此較偏好台積電,但不管投資人持有這兩家公司中的任何一家,都不會錯,因為如果沒有台積電與ASML,AI產業就不可能發展到今天的規模。

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What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 台積電與ASML營收將隨全球晶圓廠擴建及AI需求持續成長

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 台積電先進製程擴張的資本支出規模是否會影響短期獲利?
  • ASML是否面臨來自中國或其他競爭者的技術挑戰?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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