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Back事关民法典继承编的解释 最高法向社会公开征求意见
事关民法典继承编的解释 最高法向社会公开征求意见
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中国新闻网24 minutes agoLaw13 min readChinaView translation

事关民法典继承编的解释 最高法向社会公开征求意见

最高人民法院发布《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉继承编的解释(二)(征求意见稿)》向社会公开征求意见

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最高人民法院就《中华人民共和国民法典》继承编的解释(二)征求意见稿向社会公开征求意见,涵盖分家析产协议、继子女继承权、遗嘱真实性认定及遗产债务清偿等20条审判实践重点问题。

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最高人民法院为正确贯彻实施《中华人民共和国民法典》,统一法律适用,结合审判实践起草了继承编解释二。

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中新网11月10日电 据最高人民法院微信公众号消息,为正确贯彻实施《中华人民共和国民法典》,统一法律适用,依法审理继承纠纷案件,最高人民法院结合审判实践起草了《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉继承编的解释(二)(征求意见稿)》。为广泛听取社会各界意见,更好回应人民群众关切,现向社会公开征求意见。欢迎社会各界提出宝贵意见,并请在提出意见建议时说明具体理由。书面意见可寄往北京市东城区东交民巷27号,最高人民法院民事审判第一庭王志刚,邮编100745;电子邮件请发送至电子邮箱[email protected],本次征求意见截止日期为2026年11月20日。

最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国民法典》继承编的解释(二)

(征求意见稿)

为正确审理继承纠纷案件,根据《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》等相关法律规定,结合审判实践,制定本解释。

第一条 继承人在继承开始前与被继承人签订的分家析产等协议中对放弃继承等遗产继承事项的约定,对当事人具有法律约束力,当事人在继承开始后请求按照协议履行的,人民法院依法予以支持。

第二条 部分继承人与被继承人约定由其承担被继承人生养死葬义务并继承相应财产,其他继承人知道或者应当知道而无异议,继承纠纷中,已全面履行义务的该部分继承人主张继承约定的财产的,人民法院应予支持,但应当为缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的继承人保留必要的遗产份额。

前款规定情形下,被继承人生前请求依法负有赡养义务的继承人履行赡养义务,被告以其已放弃继承权为由抗辩的,人民法院不予支持。

签订协议的继承人未全面履行义务,附义务部分遗产按照法定继承办理,人民法院应当依照民法典第一千一百三十条的规定,结合各继承人承担扶养义务情况分配遗产,但遗嘱另有安排的除外。

第三条 继父与生母或者继母与生父离婚后,受其抚养教育的继子女未对其提供长期稳定的经济供养或生活照顾,继父或者继母死亡时,继子女仅以曾受继父或者继母抚养教育为由,请求继承其遗产的,人民法院不予支持,但继父或者继母与继子女存在依法成立的收养关系或者继子女仍与继父或者继母共同生活的除外。

继父与生母或者继母与生父结婚时,继子女已经成年,如果继子女对其提供了长期稳定的经济供养或生活照顾,继父或者继母死亡时,继子女依据民法典第一千一百二十七条第三款规定,请求作为“有扶养关系的继子女”继承遗产的,人民法院依法予以支持。

第四条 夫妻一方在离婚诉讼中死亡,如果有证据证明生存配偶存在重婚、与他人同居、实施家庭暴力等情形,其他继承人主张生存配偶违反民法典第一千零四十二条规定,并参照民法典第一千一百三十条第四款关于有扶养能力和有扶养条件的继承人不尽扶养义务应当不分或者少分遗产的规定,请求对生存配偶不分或者少分遗产的,人民法院依法予以支持。

第五条 夫妻一方根据国家城镇住房制度改革的有关规定,使用已死亡配偶的工龄、职级等购买公有住房,继承人主张对死亡配偶贡献部分折算相应比例财产后作为遗产继承的,人民法院应予支持。

第六条 对民法典第一千一百三十一条中“继承人以外的对被继承人扶养较多”的事实,人民法院应当以扶养时间长短为基础,综合考虑是否承担扶养费、是否实际进行生活照料和精神慰藉等因素予以认定。

第一顺序继承人未丧失或者放弃继承权,对被继承人扶养较多的第二顺序继承人,参照民法典第一千一百三十一条规定请求分得适当遗产的,人民法院依法予以支持。

第七条 当事人对自书遗嘱是否真实产生争议的,人民法院可以综合笔迹比对、遗嘱订立原因及发现过程、遗嘱指定的继承人与被继承人共同生活情况等,运用逻辑推理和日常生活经验法则进行审查,能够确信遗嘱存在具有高度可能性的,应当认定该遗嘱存在。

前款规定情形下,其他继承人针对遗嘱真实性提供的反驳证据,导致遗嘱是否存在真伪不明的,主张以该自书遗嘱证明案件事实的一方应当进一步提供证据证明,其未能完成相应举证责任的,人民法院应当认定该遗嘱不存在。

第八条 遗嘱人立有数份内容相抵触的遗嘱,最后一份遗嘱仅因不符合法定形式要件被认定无效,但有充分证据证明该最后一份遗嘱系遗嘱人撤回或者变更之前所立遗嘱的真实意思表示,当事人请求对相抵触的内容按照在先的遗嘱继承的,人民法院不予支持,并依法按照法定继承办理。

第九条 遗嘱人未在遗嘱中为胎儿保留必要的遗产份额,继承纠纷中,母亲在胎儿娩出前作为法定代理人主张该遗嘱违反民法典第一千一百四十一条规定,并请求分割遗产时为胎儿保留必要的遗产的,人民法院应予支持,但有证据证明胎儿在母亲或其他抚养义务人履行抚养义务外尚有持续稳定生活来源的除外。

第十条 遗嘱人为满足他人生活居住需要,在遗嘱中就其住宅为他人设立居住权,遗嘱指定的居住权人在继承开始后请求继承人或者遗产管理人协助办理居住权登记的,人民法院依法予以支持。

第十一条 遗嘱人死亡前,遗嘱处分的财产毁损、灭失或者被征收,其未就获得的保险金、赔偿金或者相应补偿另立遗嘱,继承纠纷中,当事人请求按照遗嘱继承该笔保险金、赔偿金或者相应补偿的,人民法院应予支持,但有证据证明遗嘱人以行为作出相反意思表示的除外。

第十二条 继承开始前,受遗赠人知道受遗赠的,其在知道被继承人死亡之日起六十日内作出接受或者放弃受遗赠的表示,人民法院依法予以认定。

继承开始前,受遗赠人不知道受遗赠的,在被继承人死亡后受遗赠人自知道受遗赠之日起六十日内作出接受或者放弃受遗赠的表示,人民法院依法予以认定。

第十三条 受遗赠人以书面、口头形式向继承人、遗产管理人、公证机构或人民法院等表示接受遗赠,或者已实际占有使用受遗赠物并结合其他证据能够证明其接受遗赠的,人民法院依法予以认定。

第十四条 继承开始后,继承人于遗产分割前死亡且没有放弃继承,继承人的配偶主张该继承人应当继承的遗产为夫妻共同财产的,人民法院依法予以支持,但遗嘱另有安排的除外。

第十五条 被继承人债务清偿纠纷中,人民法院可以根据当事人提出的财产保全申请,对被继承人名下的财产采取相应的查封、扣押、冻结措施。

第十六条 被继承人债务清偿纠纷中,不能仅以债权人未提供被继承人的财产线索为由判决驳回其诉讼请求。继承人未放弃继承的,相关判项可表述为继承人在继承遗产范围内承担债务清偿责任。

第十七条 被继承人债务清偿纠纷中,继承人均放弃继承,各方当事人对被继承人生前住所地的民政部门或者村民委员会作为遗产管理人无争议,债权人申请变更该民政部门或者村民委员会为被告的,人民法院应予准许。对遗产管理人的确定有争议的,人民法院应当向被继承人的债权人或者继承人释明通过特别程序申请指定遗产管理人,并裁定中止诉讼。指定遗产管理人后,人民法院应当变更遗产管理人为被告,通知当事人继续诉讼。

被继承人债务清偿纠纷中,继承人虽书面放弃继承,但仍实际占有、使用或者处分遗产的,人民法院可以继续将其列为当事人,同时在判项中明确相关继承人应当履行妥善保管、交付、转移登记等协助义务或者以处分的遗产实际价值为限承担债务清偿责任。

第十八条 没有继承人或者继承人均放弃继承,各方当事人对被继承人生前住所地的民政部门或者村民委员会作为遗产管理人无争议,被继承人的债权人或者依照民法典第一千一百三十一条规定可以分给适当遗产的人,直接以该民政部门或者村民委员会为被告提起民事诉讼的,人民法院应予受理,并在判项中一并指定遗产管理人。

对遗产管理人的确定有争议,被继承人的债权人或者依照民法典第一千一百三十一条规定可以分给适当遗产的人,直接以被继承人生前住所地的民政部门或者村民委员会为被告提起民事诉讼的,人民法院不予受理;已经受理的,裁定驳回起诉,并告知当事人按照特别程序先行申请指定遗产管理人。

第十九条 继承纠纷或者被继承人债务清偿纠纷中,遗产管理人主张因履行遗产管理职责获得的报酬或者产生的必要费用,从遗产中先行支付的,人民法院依法予以支持。

第二十条 本解释自 年 月 日起施行。

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