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Back联合国南南合作日:全球南方崛起与中国的角色
联合国南南合作日:全球南方崛起与中国的角色
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中国新闻网12 minutes agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

联合国南南合作日:全球南方崛起与中国的角色

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9月12日联合国南南合作日凸显全球南方崛起的意义。过去40年,全球南方经济占比从24%升至40%以上,南南贸易比重从10%升至25%。中国通过基建、投资、倡议等方式支持全球南方发展,推动公正全球治理,成为可信赖伙伴。

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Why It Matters

联合国南南合作日源于1978年《布宜诺斯艾利斯行动计划》,后经调整日期以纪念该计划。全球南方通过万隆会议、不结盟运动、七十七国集团等历程逐步团结合作,经济实力显著提升。

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新华社北京9月11日电 9月12日是联合国南南合作日。在当前世界变乱交织、全球南方卓然壮大的时代背景下,这一国际纪念日的意义进一步凸显。

1978年9月12日,联合国发展中国家间技术合作大会通过《布宜诺斯艾利斯行动计划》,为发展中国家间的技术合作确立框架。2003年,联合国大会通过决议,将每年的12月19日定为联合国南南合作日;2012年起,联合国南南合作日改为9月12日,以纪念1978年这一天通过的《布宜诺斯艾利斯行动计划》。

往前追溯,从1955年万隆会议推动亚非国家团结合作,到1961年不结盟运动诞生、1964年七十七国集团建立,再到此后全球南方国家建立起各类经济合作组织、原料生产和输出国组织以及货币金融组织等,南南合作不断加强,在振兴地区经济、提升发展中国家声量方面成果丰硕,成为这一国际日设立的深厚历史注脚。

时至今日,联合国南南合作日走过20多个年头。全球南方国家坚持独立自主、团结协作,在谋求发展振兴之路上并肩奋斗、在捍卫公平正义之路上携手前行,在人类进步事业中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

几个数字和事实,勾勒出全球南方群体性崛起的新图景。

过去40年,全球南方经济总量全球占比从24%上升至40%以上,成为推动世界多极化进程的关键动力;超过50%的发展中国家出口流向其他发展中国家,南南贸易比重从1995年的约10%上升至目前的约25%;金砖国家实现历史性扩员;上海合作组织一步步成为世界上幅员最广、人口最多、发展潜力巨大的新型区域合作组织……今天的全球南方正在愈发紧密地团结合作,不再是国际政治经济秩序被动的接受者,而是积极的塑造者。这正是联合国南南合作日的时代意涵所在。

图景的另一面也不容回避:霸权主义、单边主义、保护主义逆流而动,国际发展环境面临严峻挑战。全球南方振兴之路从来就不平坦,但南南合作在应对挑战中不断丰富,焕发出强大韧性与活力。联合国官网在介绍今年的南南合作日活动时说:“全球南方各国正日益强化在可再生能源、数字创新、公共卫生、可持续农业、灾害预防、教育和公共服务等领域的解决方案交流。”

在全球南方发展振兴的图景中,中国是最受关注的身影之一。世界报业辛迪加网站近日刊文指出一个有趣现象:在全球南方国家,不少年轻人不仅模仿中国人喝热水、打太极等,还见证着中国改善他们的生活。这种认同感很大程度上源自中国同其他全球南方国家打交道的方式。用今日俄罗斯电视台网站一篇文章的话说,中国提供了不一样的交往模式,这套模式以基建、贸易、投资以及承认各国有权自主选择伙伴和发展道路为基础,许多全球南方国家认为这比西方模式更有吸引力。

认同是起点,行动才是关键。中国始终心系全球南方、扎根全球南方。全球发展倡议提出5年来,已经从中国主张转化为国际共识,从目标对接拓展到丰富实践:中方发起建立30多个合作机制和平台,为全球南方国家提升自主发展能力提供有力支撑;在中国—联合国和平与发展基金、全球发展和南南合作基金等带动下,已累计动员230多亿美元资金,实施1800多个“小而美”“暖民心”的合作项目,培训各类人才超过20万名。从高质量共建“一带一路”帮助南方国家降低产业发展成本、改善就业民生,到“零关税”“出口中国”等政策分享中国市场机遇、帮助南方国家更好融入全球产供链,中国始终秉持互利共赢、共同发展理念,做南方国家可信赖的伙伴,以自身发展助力全球南方振兴。

中国还同广大全球南方伙伴一道,推动全球治理体系朝着更加公正合理方向发展。推动“大金砖合作”高质量发展,推动上海合作组织发展壮大,支持国际金融架构更好反映世界经济现实格局,支持联合国安理会改革增加发展中国家代表性……德国“中国平台”网站刊文指出,中国的倡议对全球南方国家来说颇具吸引力,中国成功将全球南方主要国家聚集到一起,彰显其外交影响力。

从20世纪中叶至今,南南合作走过了数十年的历程,方向日益清晰,步伐愈加坚定。全球南方群体性崛起正在深刻改变世界,而世界,理应在这一天,也理应在每一天,听见南方的声音、看见南方的力量。中国,会继续做全球南方国家风雨同舟、休戚与共的同行者。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 全球南方在国际事务中的影响力将继续增长,特别是在经贸和治理领域。

    Likely · Within years

  • 中国将继续通过基建、投资和倡议深化与全球南方的合作。

    Very likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 全球南方内部发展不平衡如何影响其整体话语权?
  • 西方国家对中国在全球南方的影响力将作何种反应?
  • 南南合作在应对气候变化等全球性挑战中的具体机制是什么?

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