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Back烏克蘭BTR-4裝甲車產能穩定 年產約200輛 持續改良應對無人機威脅
烏克蘭BTR-4裝甲車產能穩定 年產約200輛 持續改良應對無人機威脅
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自由时报5 hours agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

烏克蘭BTR-4裝甲車產能穩定 年產約200輛 持續改良應對無人機威脅

Quick Look

烏克蘭哈爾科夫莫洛佐夫機械製造設計局自2022年全面戰爭爆發以來已生產超過600輛BTR-4系列8輪裝甲運兵車,目前具備每年約200輛產能,其中BTR-4E約80%零組件為國產。儘管烏克蘭政府目前無新採購合約,現有零組件庫存仍足以再製造100至200輛。新版車輛針對戰場無人機威脅加裝電子戰、柵欄裝甲及反無人機防護裝備,並測試新型「Topaz」砲塔。

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Why It Matters

俄羅斯全面入侵烏克蘭後,持續以飛彈攻擊烏克蘭國防工業設施,迫使哈爾科夫莫洛佐夫機械製造設計局遷移生產設施,但該公司仍維持BTR-4系列裝甲車的生產。

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圖為BTR-4系列8輪裝甲運兵車。(圖取自X@Jeff21461)

〔記者吳哲宇/綜合報導〕俄羅斯全面入侵烏克蘭後,持續以飛彈攻擊烏國國防工業,但烏克蘭裝甲車產線並未因此停擺。哈爾科夫莫洛佐夫機械製造設計局(KhKBM)最新透露,自2022年全面戰爭爆發以來,已生產超過600輛BTR-4系列8輪裝甲運兵車,目前更具備每年約200輛產能,新版車輛也因應戰場無人機威脅,加裝電子戰、柵欄裝甲及反無人機防護裝備。

軍聞網站《Defence Blog》報導,KhKBM在波蘭凱爾采MSPO國防工業展透露,2022年俄軍全面入侵後,由於原本所在地哈爾科夫直接暴露於俄軍遠程打擊範圍,公司被迫遷移生產設施,但仍持續生產BTR-4,迄今累計數量已突破600輛。

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KhKBM指出,目前產能約為每年200輛,其中BTR-4E以零組件數量計算,約80%為烏克蘭國產。高度國產化也成為戰時維持生產的重要因素,即使部分外國零組件因戰爭更難取得,工廠仍能持續運作。

然而,KhKBM雖然具備產能,目前烏克蘭政府卻沒有新的BTR-4E有效採購合約。烏克蘭國防部自2026年初以來尚未下達新裝甲車訂單,目前交付的車輛仍來自過去年度簽署的合約,總參謀部則持續確認今年實際需求。

KhKBM表示,即使短期內沒有新訂單,現有零組件庫存仍足以再製造約100至200輛BTR-4。

報導指出,面對戰場威脅快速變化,BTR-4也持續改良。此次MSPO展出的新版BTR-4E依軍方要求換裝車尾跳板式尾門,未來預計成為標準設計;正面裝甲可抵禦12.7公厘穿甲燃燒彈,側面與後方則具7.62公厘彈藥防護能力,車底地雷防護達STANAG 3a、3b標準。

車輛外部另加裝柵欄裝甲,以及由鏈條、金屬桿構成的防護簾,主要用於抵禦成形裝藥及滯空攻擊無人機。車內則增加芳綸纖維防破片襯層,降低裝甲遭命中後的二次破片威脅。

值得注意的是,新版BTR-4E已裝上烏克蘭國產電子戰系統,KhKBM下一步還計畫整合主動防護系統,並在車體與砲塔增加反無人機防護網,進一步提升對FPV等無人機威脅的生存能力。

此次展車還首度搭載名為「Topaz」的新型砲塔,不過目前仍在測試。從遷移產線、提高國產化,到針對無人機威脅持續改裝,BTR-4反映烏克蘭軍工體系在俄軍持續打擊下,仍試圖維持裝甲車生產及戰場改良能力。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 烏克蘭國防部將在評估當年實際需求後,於年內簽署新的BTR-4E採購合約

    Likely · Within months

  • BTR-4E將在未來幾個月內完成反無人機防護網及主動防護系統的整合測試

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 烏克蘭政府何時會重新啟動BTR-4的新採購合約?
  • 新型「Topaz」砲塔的測試進度及預計服役時間為何?
  • 烏克蘭國產電子戰系統的具備能力及實戰表現如何?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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