
一項針對1,338名社區高齡者的19年追蹤研究發現,每天午睡時間每增加1小時,全因死亡風險上升13%;每多午睡1次上升7%;習慣上午午睡則上升30%。營養師薛曉晶指出,這可能反映身體脆弱或潛在疾病,建議長者記錄睡眠模式、檢查疾病與用藥、調整休息時段、關注食慾與活動力,並保持日照與活動,以找出疲累的真正原因。
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文章引用一項發表於2026年4月《JAMA Network Open》的觀察性研究,追蹤1,338名社區高齡者,平均年齡81.4歲,最長追蹤19年,平均8.3年,分析午睡習慣與全因死亡風險的關聯。
〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕長輩午睡愈睡愈久要注意!19年追蹤研究發現,每天午睡時間每增加1小時,全因死亡風險高13%;每天多午睡1次高7%,若習慣上午午睡則高30%。營養師薛曉晶指出,這是觀察性研究,別急著禁止午睡,可藉著記錄1至2週睡眠時間、檢查疾病與用藥、把休息放在早下午、留意食慾與活動力,以及維持白天日照與活動等5件事,找出讓長者疲累的背後原因。
午睡愈睡愈久可能暗藏健康危機
薛曉晶於臉書「營養師媽媽曉晶的生活筆記」發文分享,2026年4月《JAMA Network Open》研究分析1,338名社區高齡者,平均年齡81.4歲,最長追蹤19年、平均8.3年。研究發現,每天午睡時間每增加1小時,全因死亡風險高13%;每天每多午睡1次,全因死亡風險高7%;習慣上午午睡的人,相較於主要在早下午午睡的人,全因死亡風險高30%。
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薛曉晶說明,這是觀察性研究,無法證明午睡直接導致死亡,不能解讀成「午睡會讓人短命」。研究學者認為,午睡過長、過於頻繁或上午出現的睡眠,可能更像身體脆弱或潛在疾病的外在表現。慢性疼痛、糖尿病、心血管疾病、呼吸系統疾病、代謝症候群、情緒困擾、神經退化,以及阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症,都可能讓人白天疲倦、精神不濟,只好不斷利用午睡補償。
薛曉晶表示,通常不斷提醒長者「白天不要再睡」,可能無法解決問題,更重要的是看見午睡型態的改變,找出長輩為什麼愈來愈疲倦。發現長輩愈睡愈多,可以先做這5件事:
1.先記錄1-2週,不要只靠印象。
記下每天晚上大約睡多久、白天幾點睡、睡了幾次、每次多久,以及醒來後精神是否恢復。若有智慧手錶,也可用來觀察睡眠趨勢。
偶爾一天睡得比較多不一定有問題,若連續數週都在增加,這份紀錄會是看診時很有價值的線索。
2.不必全面禁止,把休息放在早下午。
長者如果感到疲倦時,可優先安排在午餐後的早一點的下午休息,先以20-30分鐘為起點,觀察醒來後的精神及晚上入睡是否受到影響。切勿為了控制時間,強迫疲倦的長輩硬撐著不睡。
3.上午反覆入睡,要連同疾病與用藥一起檢查。
若長輩上午經常打瞌睡,又伴隨大聲打鼾、睡眠呼吸暫停、晨間頭痛、胸悶、喘或認知功能改變,可以請家醫科、神經內科或睡眠門診進一步評估。
安眠藥、抗焦慮藥、止痛藥及部分慢性病藥物,也可能影響白天清醒程度。不要自行停藥或調整劑量,應帶著完整藥單與醫師討論。
4.食慾和體重一起下降,不能只處理睡眠。
這篇研究沒有分析飲食,因此不能說補充某種食物就能降低研究中的死亡風險。不過,如果長輩同時吃得愈來愈少、體重下降或肌力變差,營養狀態也需要一起處理。
每餐盡量安排一種手掌心大小的蛋白質食物,例如魚、蛋、豆腐、肉類、牛奶或無糖豆漿。早餐不要長期只有稀飯配醬瓜,午餐也別只吃幾口麵。食量較小時,可以用鮮奶、無糖優格、豆漿等安排少量多餐,補足蛋白質與熱量。
5.白天保留日照與活動,不要整天躺著。
早上拉開窗簾、到戶外接觸日光,再依體力安排散步、伸展、家事或簡單阻力運動,有助於維持白天的清醒程度與日夜節律。
如果長輩走路愈來愈慢、從椅子起身需要扶手,或原本能完成的事情逐漸需要家人協助,這些功能變化也值得告訴醫療人員。
薛曉晶總結,午睡不是敵人,偶爾疲累小睡不必過度緊張。值得留意的是,長輩是否比過去睡得更久、更頻繁,甚至早餐後就反覆入睡,家人可先記錄變化,再找出背後原因。

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