
國民黨立委羅智強將沈伯洋2014年提出的社區中心提供清潔針具等減害措施曲解為『在你家旁邊的社區中心提供毒品給吸毒者』,並宣稱這是在幫助和鼓勵吸毒。文章指出,台灣自2006年起已在社區藥局、衛生所等地點執行清潔針具計畫,並藉此將注射藥癮者愛滋感染率從2005年的72%顯著下降。減害政策並非鼓勵吸毒,而是降低共用針具導致的HIV及肝炎傳播風險,WHO及台灣衛生署均將其列為重要公共衛生策略。政治人物應區分減害、替代治療與毒品合法化,而非將公共衛生措施惡化為政治燃料。
AI-generated summary
台灣自2006年起在全國23縣市推動清潔針具計畫,服務點包括社區藥局、醫院、衛生所等,並結合衛教與美沙冬替代療法,使注射藥癮者愛滋感染人數大幅下降。減害政策旨在降低藥癮者共用針具導致的HIV及肝炎傳播風險,WHO及台灣衛生署均將其列為重要公共衛生措施。
◎ 郭索
沈伯洋2014年以「撲馬」名義撰寫的毒品政策文章,其中確實曾寫到,如果除罪化對台灣而言過於激進,可以參考國外經驗,「建立社區中心,提供吸毒者毒品與乾淨的針頭」,並導入社工協助。如今國民黨抓住這段文字,將它轉化成「在你家旁邊的社區中心提供毒品給吸毒者」,甚至進一步宣稱這是在「幫助和鼓勵吸毒」。但討論公共政策不能只靠幾個容易引起恐慌的字眼。尤其國民黨羅智強把「社區中心」直接描繪成一般民眾想像中的鄰里活動中心,再把減害措施推論成鼓勵吸毒,同樣跨越了政策事實。真正該問的是,什麼叫減害?什麼又叫社區型服務?
沈伯洋2014年撰寫的毒品政策文章提到,台灣可以參考國外經驗,「建立社區中心,提供吸毒者毒品與乾淨的針頭」。(資料照、擷取自想想論壇,本報合成)
答案其實就在台灣自己的公共衛生史。早在沈伯洋寫那篇文章之前,台灣就已經推動藥癮愛滋減害計畫,而且執行清潔針具的地方從來不只有醫院。疾管署資料顯示,2006年全國清潔針具計畫擴及23縣市,輔導諮商站包括「社區藥局、醫院、衛生所、檢驗所」等不同型態據點;桃園的實務研究也記載,藥局、衛生局所及志工都曾參與針具發放與回收。直到2026年,疾管署仍公布全國清潔針具執行點、衛教諮詢站、針具自動服務機及回收桶名單。換句話說,「服務進入社區」與「把里民活動中心變成毒品發放站」根本不是同一個概念。更重要的是,疾管署統計指出,2005年新增愛滋感染者3,378人,其中2,425人、約72%為注射藥癮者;推動衛教、清潔針具與美沙冬替代療法後,注射藥癮者感染人數大幅下降。這不是哪個政黨今天突然發明的說詞,而是台灣實際執行多年的公共衛生政策。
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外科、泌尿科雙專科醫師陳昭安近日開箱台中的針具販賣機,吸引數萬人朝聖。(翻攝臉書)
羅智強特別強調「美沙冬是醫療」,這句話本身沒有錯,但正好說明為什麼不能看到「毒品」兩字就停止思考。美沙冬在台灣屬第二級管制藥品,疾管署明確說明,它可用於海洛因成癮者的維持治療,減少渴藥與戒斷症狀;WHO現在仍把美沙冬、丁基原啡因等鴉片類致效劑維持治療,以及針具服務列為減害的重要措施。 公共衛生的基本精神,本來就不是假裝風險不存在,而是在風險已經存在時降低傷害。公共空間提供保險套,是為了降低性傳染病風險,難道就是鼓勵危險性行為?提供安全帽,是為了降低事故傷亡,難道就是鼓勵車禍?提供乾淨針具的道理亦然。疾管署甚至曾經特別澄清,減害政策「從未鼓勵」使用毒品,而是為了控制愛滋疫情。把「降低吸毒造成的二次傷害」偷換成「鼓勵吸毒」,政治口號或許響亮,卻把公共衛生最基本的因果關係顛倒了。
真正成熟的反毒政策,從來不是在「嚴格反毒」與「照顧藥癮者」之間二選一。毒品供應該查緝,販毒該依法究辦,成癮者也需要戒癮醫療;但在一個人尚未成功戒癮以前,政府仍然必須避免他因共用針具感染HIV、B型或C型肝炎,更不能讓感染鏈繼續擴散到其他人。WHO今年發布的針具計畫指引,仍把這類措施列入完整減害體系;台灣二十年前也已經實際執行。所以這場爭論真正值得檢驗的,不是誰喊「全民反毒」喊得最大聲,而是政治人物有沒有能力區分「毒品合法化」、「替代治療」、「清潔針具」、「社區服務」與「減害政策」。沈伯洋2014年的文字可以批評,也應該要求他把「提供毒品」究竟指涉何種制度講清楚;但同樣的標準也應適用於羅智強。把「社區型減害服務」渲染成「你家旁邊有人發毒品」,再把公共衛生措施說成鼓勵吸毒,沒有回答毒品問題,只是把民眾的恐懼變成政治燃料。反毒可以堅定,論述更應精確。因為真正要救下一代,靠的是科學、醫療、執法與有效政策,而不是把「減害」兩個字也一起毒化。
國民黨立委羅智強把「社區型減害服務」渲染成「你家旁邊有人發毒品」,再把公共衛生措施說成鼓勵吸毒,只是把民眾的恐懼變成政治燃料。(資料照)
(作者為自由評論者)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
衛生單位將針對國民黨的錯誤宣佈進行澄清,並加強社區減害服務的公眾教育
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