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Back派拉蒙合併華納兄弟:可能以四種方式影響你的生活
派拉蒙合併華納兄弟:可能以四種方式影響你的生活
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BBC中文1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

派拉蒙合併華納兄弟:可能以四種方式影響你的生活

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派拉蒙天空之舞與華納兄弟探索公司完成總額1100億美元的合併,形成娛樂巨頭天空之舞。交易將導致流媒體價格上漲、增加電影上映數量、可能削減好萊塢就業崗位,並引發對CNN和CBS新聞獨立性的擔憂,儘管成立新聞編輯獨立委員會,但被質疑毫無價值。

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Why It Matters

派拉蒙天空之舞與華納兄弟探索公司的合併談判歷時數月,最終達成總額1100億美元的協議。交易背後涉及反壟斷監管和與美國各州的和解,內容包括電影上映配額、新聞編輯獨立性保障和勞動力培訓基金。

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作者,弗朗西斯科·貝拉斯克斯(Francisco Velasquez)

角色,商業記者

報導自,紐約

和

作者,雷根·莫里斯(Regan Morris)

報導自,加利福尼亞

發表 3 分鐘前

閱讀時間: 3 分鐘

歷時數月,派拉蒙天空之舞(Paramount Skydance)終於完成了與華納兄弟探索公司(Warner Bros Discovery)總額1100億美元(828億英鎊)的合併。

這筆交易將兩家老牌好萊塢巨頭合為一體,把《哈利·波特》(Harry Potter)和《權力的遊戲》(Game of Thrones)等系列作品聚到一起,組成一個名為天空之舞(Skydance)的娛樂巨頭。

然而,在這一里程碑背後,是對合併後企業可以做什麼、不可以做什麼的嚴格規定,從每年必須製作多少部電影,到旗下新聞編輯部的編輯獨立性。

以下是這筆交易可能影響你,以及你所觀看的電影、電視節目和新聞的四種方式。

1. 流媒體價格可能上漲

華納兄弟旗下擁有HBO Max,其內容包括《黑道家族》(The Sopranos)、《龍之家族》(House of the Dragon)和《亢奮》等。而派拉蒙天空之舞則擁有Paramount+,包括《黃石》(Yellowstone)、《公園與遊憩》(Parks and Recreation)和《海軍罪案調查處》(NCIS)等節目。

將HBO Max和Paramount+合併為單一平台或捆綁套餐,長遠來看很可能會擠壓訂閱用戶的錢包。

雖然同時訂閱兩家服務的現有用戶短期內或能省錢,但分析師預計,隨著這家合併後的巨頭尋求盈利,總體價格將會上漲。

合併後的公司天空之舞因這宗交易背負了高達800億美元的債務,與此同時,公司高層的目標是每年削減60億美元成本。

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分析師警告,消費者最終將承擔這宗1100億美元交易的財務負擔。

弗雷斯特研究公司(Forrester)研究總監邁克·普魯克斯(Mike Proulx)指出,流媒體服務不斷提價可以提高盈利,而天空之舞又背負巨額債務,漲價很可能會到來。

儘管觀眾將能接觸到更豐富的片庫,因為天空之舞正轉向Paramount+與HBO Max捆綁模式而非單一應用程式,但普魯克斯警告說:「認為這能阻止下游漲價,是不切實際的。」

2. 更多電影上映

作為與曾反對這宗合併的美國各州達成和解協議的一部分,派拉蒙天空之舞已同意在未來五年內每年發行固定數量的電影。

在頭兩年,該數字為每年30部電影,其餘年份則須每年發行32部影片。

總計為156部電影——其中大多數必須是「大規模上映」,即必須在影院放映。

合併後的影視公司還必須每年至少發行四部獨立電影。

如果天空之舞未達到電影配額,可能被迫出售其在米拉麥克斯(Miramax)49%的股份——這家影視公司由聲名狼藉的好萊塢大亨哈維·韋恩斯坦(Harvey Weinstein)參與創辦。

馬丁·豪瑟律師事務所(Maddin Hauser)的企業律師布里安·吉列姆(Breanne Gilliam)表示,這項電影承諾是有意義的,即便它有到期日。

「一旦這些義務到期,公司將擁有大得多的靈活性,」她說。

「臨時規則無法永久修正結構性的市場轉變。」

五年協議期結束後,天空之舞可能效仿迪士尼(Disney)和Netflix等競爭對手,將流媒體置於影院之上。

正如迪士尼2019年以710億美元收購21世紀福克斯(21st Century Fox)所證明的那樣,巨額交易可能導致影院上映的電影減少。

在收購之前,二十世紀福克斯(20th Century Fox)通常每年在院線上映12至17部電影,但在迪士尼旗下,這一數字縮減至每年僅三到六部。

3. 好萊塢的工作或將受到影響

對於幕後從業者而言,這兩家歷史悠久的影視公司的合併被業內人士形容為一場「災難」。

演員和編劇最近聚集在洛杉磯的派拉蒙影業外反對這宗交易,指責監管機構未能保護行業生計。

《犯罪心理》(Criminal Minds)主演柯爾斯頓·范奈絲(Kirsten Vangsness)告訴BBC,她感到「心碎」。

「是人造就了這座城市,」她說。「是人造就了娛樂業,這個行業正是建立在這些日常創作者之上——而深受其害的正是他們。」

諮詢公司CVL Economics為洛杉磯縣所作的一份報告估計,這宗合併可能削減約4500個影視行業直接就業崗位,並在三年內造成12.6億美元的工資損失。

這一打擊可能落在這樣一個地區:自2022年以來,該地區已流失約三分之一的影視從業者,約合五萬個就業崗位。

國立大學(National University)商學教授賽莉西亞·湯普森(Syleecia Thompson)表示,「這會波及小企業、供應商、餐飲服務商和本地社區」。

她警告說,好萊塢可能不再那麼像一個「單一據點」,而更像一個「分散的網絡」。

儘管和解協議設立了勞動力培訓基金,用於幫助失業工人轉型,但律師們指出,協議並不阻止裁員。

「協議中沒有任何條款限制裁員,」律師吉列姆補充說。

4. CNN和CBS可能會改變

為應對外界對CNN和CBS新聞獨立性的擔憂,和解協議設立了一個新聞編輯獨立委員會,由派拉蒙直接任命。

這宗1100億美元的交易將美國兩大電視新聞機構置於同一企業屋檐下。交易之前,派拉蒙擁有CBS新聞(CBS News),華納兄弟擁有CNN。

兩家電視網都面臨巨大的政治壓力——CNN是被特朗普總統(Donald Trump)禁止進入白宮的少數新聞機構之一——同時也在行業整合的大潮中經歷領導層變動。

派拉蒙行政總裁大衛·埃里森(David Ellison)已邀請CNN總裁馬克·湯普森(Mark Thompson)——BBC前總裁——在收購完成後繼續留任掌舵。CBS新聞的總編輯巴里·韋斯(Bari Weiss)也將留任。

新聞自由基金會(Freedom of the Press Foundation)倡導事務主管塞思·斯特恩(Seth Stern)稱這個由派拉蒙任命的委員會「毫無價值」。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 流媒體訂閱價格將在未來12個月內上漲

    Likely · Within months

  • 好萊塢直接就業崗位將在未來三年內減少約4500個

    Likely · Within years

  • 派拉蒙天空之舞將在未來五年內每年發行固定數量的電影(頭兩年30部,其後32部)

    Certain · Within years

Open Questions

  • 合併後實際的流媒體定價策略是什麼?
  • 新聞編輯獨立委員會將如何運作並確保真正獨立?
  • 好萊塢就業損失的具體補償和再培訓計畫細節是什麼?
  • 五年電影上映協議到期後,天空之舞的院線策略將如何調整?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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