Intense heat can affect the health of pregnant women; see how to protect yourself

Intense heat can affect the health of pregnant women — Photo: Reproduction/DPESP

The advance of El Niño and the forecast of above-average temperatures in much of Brazil in the coming months highlight the care needed to protect health during periods of intense heat. During pregnancy, physiological changes in the body can increase vulnerability to the effects of high temperatures, requiring increased attention to hydration, thermal comfort and prenatal care.

The obstetrician gynecologist preceptor at the Santos Dumont Institute (ISD), Thaíse Lopes, draws attention to the possible effects of exposure to heat during pregnancy. During this period, the body undergoes metabolic and circulatory changes to meet the needs of fetal development.

"Some studies already warn about the consequences of climate change, with heat waves influencing the quality of pregnancy. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the body's signals as an important prevention measure", explains the doctor.

Dehydration can cause intense thirst, headache, dizziness, weakness and reduced urine output. High temperatures can also contribute to episodes of low blood pressure and feelings of fainting, especially when pregnant women remain in hot environments or standing for a long time.

These associations do not mean that all exposed pregnant women will develop complications, but they indicate the need for protective measures. At ISD, monitoring of pregnant women includes guidance throughout the pregnancy and referrals for continued care.

"We have observed heat waves that can interfere with the health of pregnant women, increasing the risk of premature birth and even pre-eclampsia. Therefore, it is essential to adopt preventive measures that help pregnant women face periods of high temperatures", says Thaíse Lopes.

How to reduce the effects of heat

Prevention starts with simple measures that help reduce heat exposure and maintain hydration. See recommendations that can help reduce discomfort:

Maintain hydration: drink water regularly, without waiting to feel thirsty, according to the instructions received during prenatal care.

Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun: seek shade and, when possible, leave outdoor activities for cooler times.

Prioritize ventilated environments: use cool, ventilated areas and wear light clothing that helps heat dissipation.

Pay attention to clothing: prioritize clothes made from light fabrics and natural fibers such as cotton and linen, in light colors. Avoid clothing that traps sweat and smothers the body.

Respect your body's limits: take breaks during physical activities or tasks that require effort, interrupting them if you feel unwell, dizzy or weak.

Maintain prenatal care: talk to the healthcare team about discomforts, pre-existing conditions and specific care for each stage of pregnancy.

When it is not possible to stay in air-conditioned environments, look for shady places and take breaks during activities that require physical effort. It is necessary to consider the temperature conditions and the guidelines of the team responsible for prenatal care.