
欧盟委员会依据《外国补贴条例》对京东收购MediaMarkt/Saturn母公司Ceconomy的交易给予附条件批准,旨在防止市场扭曲。
欧盟委员会批准京东收购欧洲电子产品巨头Ceconomy,但需满足防止交叉补贴及确保公平竞争的十年承诺。该交易此前因涉及中国政府补贴调查而受到欧盟《外国补贴条例》的严格审查。
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欧盟于2023年7月生效《外国补贴条例》,旨在审查外国政府补贴对欧盟单一市场公平竞争的影响。京东此前被指可能通过补贴手段在收购中获得不正当竞争优势。
欧盟委员会批准中国电商巨头京东收购欧洲最大的电子产品零售商MediaMarkt/Saturn的计划,但需满足特定条件。京东和Ceconomy在一份联合新闻稿中宣布,所有交割条件均已满足,交易将在未来几天内完成。
京东于去年7月宣布已签署协议,收购总部位于德国杜塞尔多夫的Ceconomy。Ceconomy是两大主要零售商MediaMarkt和Saturn的母公司,估值为22亿欧元。MediaMarkt和Saturn拥有1000多家电子产品门店,主要分布在德国,同时也分布在其他几个欧洲国家,并运营着在线销售平台。
由于京东收购Ceconomy的交易触发欧盟2023年7月正式生效的《外国补贴条例》以及传统的反垄断合并审查机制,因此该交易完成前必须由欧盟委员会进行审理及放行。 欧委会于2026年4月正式受理该交易申报。
5月份进行初步调查后,欧盟认为京东在这次收购中“可能获得了扭曲欧盟内部市场的中国政府的直接补贴、税收优惠或低息贷款”,并于5月28日依据欧盟《外国补贴条例》启动了第二阶段深入调查。调查重点为这些补贴手段是否使京东能够为收购Ceconomy的交易中出价更高,以及这些援助是否提升了合并后实体的竞争地位。
针对欧盟的调查,中国司法部2026年8月曾公开表态,这构成“不当域外管辖”并下令相关方应对。
此次收购也引起了柏林方面的关注,德国政府已就该收购是否会对国家安全构成风险展开独立调查,并于今年6月底有附带条件地批准了这项交易。附带条件旨在确保德国客户的个人数据得到充分保护。此外,德国政府还获得了广泛的监督控制权,可以在发生违规行为时撤销此次批准。
欧委会在调查后认定,京东曾以优惠融资、税收减免和拨款的形式从中国获得补贴。欧委会同时也认为,以这种方式获得的产能最终可能也会被提供给Ceconomy,并且可能通过“激进定价”向竞争对手施压。
欧委会因此在11月3日宣布,依据《外国补贴条例》对该交易给予附条件批准,包括要求确保京东与 Ceconomy 合并后的集团内部交易、以及京东向其未来子公司提供的资金支持,必须严格按照市场条件进行,以防止产生交叉补贴及扭曲欧盟单一市场。
此外,京东必须承诺,向欧盟其他第三方零售商提供仓储、物流及技术服务时,所适用的条件和条款不得逊于提供给 Ceconomy 的条件。 上述各项承诺的有效期为10年。
针对欧盟委员会附条件批准京东收购的Ceconomy的决定,京东表示,其商业模式和战略保持不变,并将继续以此为基础实现加速增长。
京东的年销售额接近1590亿美元(2024 年),据EHI零售研究所的数据,它是中国最大的零售集团之一,也是全球十大零售集团之一。该集团拥有约57万名员工,业务还涉及科技、物流和医疗保健等领域。迄今为止,其在德国的业务规模有限。今年3月,京东推出了线上商城Joybuy。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
交易将在未来几天内完成交割。
Very likely · Within days
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