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Back甘肃讨赖河绿洲灌溉系统见证两千年水利开发史
甘肃讨赖河绿洲灌溉系统见证两千年水利开发史
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中国新闻网1 hour agoAgriculture3 min readChinaView translation

甘肃讨赖河绿洲灌溉系统见证两千年水利开发史

该系统位于河西走廊,拥有两千年水利开发历史,至今仍发挥灌溉作用

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甘肃讨赖河绿洲灌溉系统入选2026年第十三批世界灌溉工程遗产名录。该系统位于河西走廊,拥有两千年水利开发史,其核心物项如洪水河洞子渠及传统分水制度至今仍在运行,展现了古代水利工程的卓越技术与文化价值。

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Why It Matters

讨赖河绿洲灌溉系统位于河西走廊中部,拥有两千年水利开发历史,是明长城西端关口嘉峪关的重要水利支撑。该系统滥觞于西汉,成熟于明清,目前灌溉面积达94.78万亩。

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中新网兰州10月15日电 (记者 冯志军)古代河川引水工程中密集运用长大隧洞的罕见实例;都江堰的修造工艺和北方埽工技术在西北干旱区的完美融合;流域传统分水制度堪称干旱区水资源分配体系的活化石……新晋世界灌溉工程遗产名录的甘肃讨赖河绿洲灌溉系统,各类核心物项至今尚在运行,具有突出的工程技术史价值与丰富的历史文化内涵。

记者15日从甘肃省水利厅获悉,“甘肃讨赖河绿洲灌溉系统”已入选2026年第十三批世界灌溉工程遗产名录。该系统位于河西走廊中部,是明万里长城西端关口嘉峪关所在,历来为边防要地。其文化历史底蕴深厚,有着文献可考的长达两千年水利开发历史,遗产结构和品相都具有明显的典型性和代表性。

甘肃省水利厅讨赖河流域水资源利用中心主任康德奎15日介绍说,该灌溉系统以发源于祁连山的讨赖河干流及其主要支流洪水河、临水河、清水河等地表径流为灌溉水源,滥觞于西汉、发展于唐、成熟于明清,现灌溉面积94.78万亩。

康德奎说,该系统核心物项共包括洪水河洞子渠、讨赖河干流渠系、临水河清水河渠系,以及与之相配套的讨赖河流域传统分水制度。其初建时间均超过300年,文献证据链完整,对区域生态、经济、社会发展起到关键支撑作用。

比如:洪水河洞子渠为明代水利先民在河道两岸数十至数百米的悬崖峭壁上,通过“水平导洞、多头掘进”技术,穿凿总长三十余里的地下隧洞,引水出山,引水上岸。隧洞断面“高等于身,广可攘臂”,可容成人伸展,是古代河川引水工程中密集运用长大隧洞的罕见实例,让祁连雪水灌溉下游千顷农田。

而最初源自清雍正年间的黑河均水制,通过严格规定上、下游的独享灌溉时段,巧妙化解了用水争端,守护着流域秩序与人水和谐。该制度因兼顾公平和分配水量而产生,一直以来获得流域内极为严格的执行,堪称干旱区水资源分配体系的活化石。

康德奎表示,作为亚欧大陆干旱区绿洲灌溉系统的典型代表,甘肃讨赖河绿洲灌溉系统工程历史悠久、遗存多样,文献证据链完整、传承脉络清晰,长期以来是维持丝绸之路畅通、保障边疆长治久安、推动民族交流融合、塑造绿洲生态景观的重要灌溉工程。

Open Questions

  • 该遗产名录对当地旅游业的具体影响?
  • 未来如何进一步保护这些古老水利设施?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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