Back經濟學人:美台推進「地獄景象」構想 運用大量無人載具嚇阻中國進犯
經濟學人:美台推進「地獄景象」構想 運用大量無人載具嚇阻中國進犯
Developing
自由时报9 hours agoDefense4 min readChinaView translation

經濟學人:美台推進「地獄景象」構想 運用大量無人載具嚇阻中國進犯

美台正推進以大量海上無人載具提高台海防衛門檻的「地獄景象」構想,但面臨產能與製造瓶頸。

Quick Look

英國《經濟學人》報導,台美正推進「地獄景象」構想,部署大量海空無人載具以拖慢中國進犯,爭取美軍介入時間。然而,美台雙方皆面臨產能不足、測試積壓及非中國製零組件短缺等製造瓶頸。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美台軍方正持續推進「地獄景象」構想,利用大量無人載具拖慢中國進犯行動。

Font size

雷虎科技(Thunder Tiger)無人艇今年7月底在大鵬灣公開展演;《經濟學人》報導,美台正推進以大量海上無人載具提高台海防衛門檻的「地獄景象」構想。

無人載具大量投入後,台海攻防可能出現新的火力門檻。英國《經濟學人》15日報導,台美軍方正持續推進「地獄景象」(Hellscape)構想,以大量空中、水面及水下無人載具拖慢中國進犯行動;報導指出,美國戰略界從近年戰事重新評估後,認為攻方需要的火力優勢可能不再只是傳統所說的3倍,而是20至30倍。

這套構想原本在美國拜登政府時期提出,核心是把大量低成本無人載具部署到台灣海峽,透過空中、水面及水下平台攻擊中國進犯部隊。即使通訊鏈路遭到干擾,無人載具仍可利用慣性導航、影像識別及機載人工智慧(AI)辨識目標、避開反制措施,並與其他無人載具協同攻擊。不過,《經濟學人》指出,這套戰法的目的不是單獨阻止入侵,而是增加進攻成本、拖慢速度,為美軍海空力量爭取時間。

《經濟學人》指出,美國戰略界過去長期認為,攻擊方需要約3倍於防禦方的火力優勢才能取得勝利;如今從烏克蘭與中東戰事經驗重新評估,認為攻方可能需要20至30倍的火力優勢。美國在台協會(AIT)處長谷立言(Raymond Greene)9日在台北演說時也表示,無人系統在當代戰場的地位,如同第一次世界大戰的機關槍、第二次世界大戰的戰車,是足以改變戰場的關鍵科技。

有戰法卻缺產能 美台卡在製造瓶頸

但《經濟學人》指出,這套構想能否落實,真正的問題不只是戰法,而是美台能否提供足夠的無人機與飛彈。美國近年擴大低成本無人機計畫,甚至完成伊朗空中攻擊無人機的逆向工程,五角大廈計畫在2027年前採購20萬架低成本無人機;不過測試積壓及非中國製零組件短缺,仍拖慢進度。

海上無人載具的生產規模也有限。部分原本為台海戰事設計的美國無人系統已被用於美伊戰爭,美軍今年4月還在菲律賓測試烏克蘭自殺無人艇。不過曾參與拜登政府無人機政策的賓州大學教授霍洛維茲(Michael Horowitz)指出,目前多數系統仍屬實驗性質,實際生產數量有限。研究人員也強調,無人載具無法取代戰機、軍艦等大型武器,而是用來消耗攔截彈藥並削弱進犯船團。

台灣同樣面臨產能與資源問題。《經濟學人》指出,台灣規劃到2032年採購20萬8200架各型攻擊型無人機、1446架濱海監偵型無人機及1320艘小型自殺無人艇;相關計畫曾因資金爭議延宕。報導並引述台大機械系教授陳炳煇表示,目前人力與資金仍不足,他甚至估計台灣需要400萬架無人機及1萬艘海上無人載具。

另一方面,中國在無人機數量及生產能力上仍具優勢,也持續研究烏克蘭與中東戰場經驗,並進行無人機及反無人機訓練。《經濟學人》同時指出,習近平對解放軍展開的內部整肅,使軍方更難達成2027年前具備執行入侵能力的目標,部分中國軍事專家也認為,面對「地獄景象」,解放軍可能需要更新作戰計畫及強化反無人機能力。

《經濟學人》最後指出,「地獄景象」的支持者並不認為這套戰法能保證擊敗中國;其目的,是讓北京相信,一旦選擇動武,將很難取得原先期待的速戰速決、低代價勝利。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國五角大廈計畫在2027年前採購20萬架低成本無人機

    Likely · Within months

  • 台灣規劃到2032年採購各型無人機與自殺無人艇

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 美台能否克服無人載具的產能與零組件短缺問題?
  • 台灣是否會進一步擴大無人機的採購規模與預算?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 自由时报.

Related Stories

The United States announces the deployment of space weapons: raising concerns about space militarization and power competition
Developing·

The United States announces the deployment of space weapons: raising concerns about space militarization and power competition

The U.S. Air Force announced that it has deployed in-orbit space weapons to protect military assets, drawing attention to the militarization of space and the space competition between the United States, China and Russia. Experts speculate that the weapon may be a non-destructive electronic warfare platform, noting that major powers have long been developing anti-satellite technology and rendezvous proximity operations capabilities.

BBC中文
6 min read
The National Army verified the carrying capacity of the M1A2T combat vehicle. The 584th Brigade and the Third Branch completed the reinstallation and boarding operation.
Defense·

The National Army verified the carrying capacity of the M1A2T combat vehicle. The 584th Brigade and the Third Branch completed the reinstallation and boarding operation.

In order to verify the carrying capacity of heavy equipment, the Transportation Group of the Army's Third Regional Support Command recently collaborated with the 584th Brigade of the Allied Forces to carry out mounting and equipment fastening operations on an M1A2T tank weighing approximately 63 tons, and operated M1070A1 heavy-duty tractors and M1000 five-axle flatbed trucks to improve the logistics support efficiency of officers and soldiers.

自由时报
2 min read
For the first time, China Central Television disclosed the missile silo project in the western desert, admitting that it faced pressure to rush the project
Defense·

For the first time, China Central Television disclosed the missile silo project in the western desert, admitting that it faced pressure to rush the project

In a documentary on the 99th anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army, China Central Television disclosed for the first time that Rocket Force engineers talked about the construction of missile silos in the western desert, revealing that they faced pressure to rush the work. This batch of facilities, which have been exposed by satellite images since 2021 and cover places such as Yumen in Gansu and Hami in Xinjiang, has once again aroused the outside world's attention to China's strategic nuclear weapons capabilities.

自由时报
3 min read
U.S. Navy awards Boeing $562 million contract to mass produce MQ-25A unmanned tanker
Developing·

U.S. Navy awards Boeing $562 million contract to mass produce MQ-25A unmanned tanker

The U.S. Navy officially awarded Boeing a US$562 million contract to launch low-rate initial production of the MQ-25A "Stingray" unmanned tanker. The first three aircraft are expected to be delivered in 2029, marking the aircraft's transition from research and development to mass production. It will reduce the refueling burden of the F/A-18E/F and expand the combat radius of the aircraft.

自由时报
2 min read
South Korea will purchase 20 more MH-60R helicopters for a total price of 3.24 trillion won
Developing·

South Korea will purchase 20 more MH-60R helicopters for a total price of 3.24 trillion won

The South Korean Defense Industry Agency has approved the purchase of a new batch of MH-60R "Seahawk" anti-submarine helicopters and will purchase 20 of them from Lockheed Martin of the United States for a total amount of 3.24 trillion won. The deployment is planned to be completed by 2032. The Chinese Navy once planned to purchase the same type of aircraft, but due to price delays, it has recently been rumored to be re-promoted, but there has been no official announcement from the United States.

自由时报
2 min read
More on this topic地獄景象