Deadly Mudslide Impacts China-Nepal Border Infrastructure

However, if Beijing and Kathmandu are to proceed with ambitious infrastructure projects, they are expected to take environmental factors into consideration and adjust their construction methods accordingly, one expert said.

Chinese officials confirmed three deaths and said more than 500 people, including 260 foreign nationals, remained missing on Thursday. Nepal said more than 900 people were missing, including 517 foreigners, and at 5pm Thursday its official death toll was 359.

China’s Ministry of Natural Resources said on Thursday that the deadly mudslide was initially triggered by a high-altitude glacier collapse inside Nepal that rapidly evolved into a high-velocity debris flow.

According to Guo Zhaocheng, a senior engineer at the Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Centre under the ministry, the collapsing ice rushed down the channel at high speed, swept up vast glacial moraine, or scraped rock, and evolved into a debris flow before hitting Gyirong Port and surging downstream into Nepali territory.

Gyirong Port serves as the strategic anchor connecting China and Nepal. It handled nearly 30 per cent of total trade volume between the two in 2024, and is a primary overland entry point for Indian pilgrims travelling to Tibet. Some 280 Indian pilgrims remain missing after the disaster, according to India’s foreign ministry.