
研究指出人在生理夜間持續清醒時,晝夜節律與睡眠不足可能影響情緒、獎勵處理與認知控制,使人更容易陷入負面思考或衝動行為。
科學家提出「午夜後大腦」假說,探討人在生理夜間持續清醒時,晝夜節律與睡眠不足如何影響情緒、獎勵處理與執行功能,使人更容易產生負面思考或衝動行為。
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美國亞利桑那大學、賓州大學及哈佛醫學院/麻省總醫院研究人員於2022年提出「午夜後大腦」假說,並刊登於《網路生理學》期刊。
白天不那麼困擾的事情,到了半夜卻可能越想越負面,甚至更容易衝動、大吃高熱量食物?研究人員提出「午夜後大腦」(Mind After Midnight)假說,認為人在生理夜間持續清醒時,晝夜節律與睡眠不足可能共同影響情緒、獎勵處理與執行功能,使人更容易陷入負面思考或出現衝動行為。
據《Science Alert》近日報導,這套假說是美國亞利桑那大學、賓州大學及哈佛醫學院(Harvard Medical School)/麻省總醫院研究人員於2022年提出,相關論文刊登於《網路生理學》(Frontiers in Network Physiology)期刊。研究團隊整理既有神經科學與行為研究後,提出「午夜後大腦」假說,試圖解釋人在生理夜間保持清醒時,為何可能出現不同於白天的思考與行為模式。
研究人員指出,人的晝夜節律會隨時間改變清醒程度、認知能力與情緒調節。到了生理夜間,睡眠不足與生理時鐘變化可能同時作用,使人對負面刺激的注意力增加,情緒調節能力下降,負責判斷、抑制衝動與評估風險的執行功能也可能受到影響。
依照這套假說,夜間清醒時,負面情緒、注意力偏向、獎勵處理與前額葉控制可能彼此影響,使原本白天可以暫時放下的煩惱,到了凌晨變得更加難以抽離;高熱量食物、酒精或其他具有即時獎勵效果的行為,也可能顯得更具吸引力。研究團隊強調,這是一套用來解釋夜間行為變化的理論架構,並非已經確立的單一因果機制。
深夜大腦可能換了模式
論文引用的既有研究也發現,部分夜間行為風險可能升高。例如,在校正不同時段人口清醒比例後,午夜至清晨6點的自殺發生風險約為其他時段的3倍;另有研究發現,夜間鴉片類藥物過量風險約為白天的4.7倍。不過,這些數據來自既有研究,不能直接證明「午夜後大腦」假說就是造成風險升高的原因。
原論文指出,後續研究仍需進一步分辨睡眠不足與生理時鐘本身的影響,才能釐清兩者如何共同改變夜間的情緒、認知與行為。對輪班工作者而言,這項假說也提供新的研究方向,包括探討醫師、飛行員等經常在夜間保持清醒者,是否更容易受到這些生理與心理變化影響。

At the Mid-Autumn Festival barbecue party, rheumatology immunologist Dr. Shen Mingzhong reminds people with high uric acid or previous gout attacks that in addition to paying attention to meat and seafood purin, they should also be careful of beer and high-sugar barbecue sauce, two hidden landmines, to avoid inducing acute gout.

A U.S. study of more than 17,000 adult men found that those with higher intakes of ultra-processed foods had a 29% to 30% higher risk of developing prostate cancer than those with the lowest intakes. Doctors remind the public to pay attention to the proportion of ultra-processed foods in their daily diet.

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Statistics from Harvard Medical School and other research teams found that on the day a popular album is released in the United States, the number of traffic fatalities will significantly increase by about 15.1% compared to the days before and after. Research speculates that it may be related to the distraction caused by using smartphones or operating car music while driving.

Ye Shangen, a nephrologist at Annan Hospital, pointed out that chronic kidney disease and intestinal flora have a bidirectional influence on the "gut-kidney axis". Decreased kidney function will change the intestinal environment, while imbalance of the flora will increase the accumulation of urinary toxins and systemic inflammation, forming a vicious cycle. He recommends breaking this cycle through moderate protein restriction, increased plant-based foods, and a combination of medical agents and adsorbents.

Dr. Ye Renhao pointed out that during Mid-Autumn Festival barbecues, people often count the calories of moon cakes and meat, but ignore the calories of alcohol. Alcohol contains about 7 calories per gram, and even without added sugar, it still contains calories. It is recommended to prepare sugar-free tea or sparkling water as an alternative, and remind those who lose weight to inform their medical team of their drinking habits.