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Back民主黨重掌美參眾兩院 期中選舉四大重點一次看
民主黨重掌美參眾兩院 期中選舉四大重點一次看
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自由时报8 minutes agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

民主黨重掌美參眾兩院 期中選舉四大重點一次看

路透社整理美國中期選舉觀察重點,涵蓋藍潮、經濟議題與拉美裔選民轉向

Quick Look

民主黨在美國中期選舉奪回參眾兩院控制權,深入共和黨傳統票倉取得驚人斬獲。選民對高物價與國家走向不滿,將近三分之二選民將高物價歸咎於川普,四分之三選民對國家發展方向感到憤怒或不滿。拉美裔選民支持率從2024年的46%降至約三分之一。

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Why It Matters

民主黨在美國中期選舉中奪回參眾兩院控制權,勝選版圖從傳統搖擺州延伸至共和黨鐵票區深處。選民對高物價與國家走向深感不滿,將近三分之二選民將高物價歸咎於川普,四分之三選民對國家發展方向感到憤怒或不滿。拉美裔選民曾在2024年助川普勝選,但兩年後支持率大幅下降。

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民主黨在昨天的美國期中選舉奪回國會參眾兩院控制權,深入共和黨傳統票倉取得驚人斬獲,選民也對總統川普與他的各項施政方針給予一記當頭棒喝。

以下為路透社整理的選舉觀察重點:

● 藍潮來襲 民主黨斬獲遠超預期

投票前的民意調查已顯示民主黨將迎來豐收之夜,但民主黨的斬獲幅度遠超多數分析人士預期,勝選版圖更從傳統搖擺州延伸至共和黨鐵票區深處。

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在德州,塔拉里格(James Talarico)大勝共和黨籍的派克斯頓(Ken Paxton),成為德州38年來首位民主黨籍當選聯邦參議員。

在南卡羅來納州,民主黨翻轉參議院席次同樣創下歷史。民主黨本世紀以來從未在當地贏得參議院選舉,安德魯斯(Annie Andrews)擊敗共和黨現任參議員葛蘭姆(Darline Graham),成為開票當晚另一場指標性大爆冷門。

在川普曾3度勝出的俄亥俄州,民主黨籍參議員布朗(Sherrod Brown)順利連任;在堪薩斯州,民主黨籍的韓密爾頓(Adam Hamilton)輕鬆擊敗共和黨現任議員馬歇爾(Roger Marshall)。民主黨上一次在堪薩斯州拿下參院席次,已是1932年經濟大蕭條時期。

美國媒體預測,民主黨將奪回聯邦眾議院與參議院控制權。

兩黨策略專家指出,民主黨全面大勝,歸功於死忠支持者與獨立選民踴躍投票,這些選民在搖擺州及共和黨大本營均倒向民主黨。民主黨在選戰中更採取「席席推人」策略,哪怕幾個月前看似勝算渺茫的選區也不放棄。

● 選民怒火中燒 川普施政吞苦果

川普曾要選民假想他本人也出現在選票上,選民確實照做了,而共和黨則付出慘痛代價。

早期開票結果與出口民調顯示,選民普遍心懷不滿,對高物價和國家走向深感沮喪,進而對川普及他的各項政策投下不信任票。

由民調機構SSRS代表主要電視網與美聯社等媒體聯盟進行的出口民調顯示,許多受訪者表示生活比兩年前更差,將近9成選民將生活成本列為投票關鍵或主要考量因素。

川普在2024年以抑制高通膨為承諾當選,但他對外國商品加徵關稅以及對伊朗開戰,反倒讓許多美國人的經濟處境更加惡化。川普在競選期間的回應,卻是要美國人自行吸收上漲的生活成本,即便當時他的民意支持度已跌至歷史新低。

出口民調顯示,將近2/3選民將高物價歸咎於川普,同時有3/4選民表示,他們對國家發展方向感到憤怒或不滿。選民對政府貪腐問題也普遍表達關切。

● 經濟議題壓過恐懼牌

在選戰最後數週,川普與同黨人士試圖將民主黨描繪成危險的激進分子與共產主義者,聲稱他們一旦當選將毀滅國家。

但這類攻擊並未奏效。選民更加關注食品雜貨與汽油價格,且更希望聽見川普說明他將如何降低生活成本。

在競選期間,川普多次聲稱如果民主黨獲勝,「這個國家將變成共產主義國家」。他也表示,多個州的民主黨建制派已被「發狂的瘋子和激進分子」取代。

訴諸恐懼以往常在美國選舉中奏效,但川普在「民主黨真的對美國構成存亡威脅」這一點上,最終未能說服選民。

● 與拉丁美洲裔選民蜜月期恐告終

川普與拉美裔選民的蜜月期可能已經結束。對於指望在加州到佛羅里達州仰賴這群關鍵游離選民贏得選舉的共和黨人來說,這是個壞消息。

媒體預測顯示,在拉美裔人口占4成的德州,民主黨一舉翻轉了州長與聯邦參議員席次。而在拉美裔人口眾多的佛州東南部,儘管第22國會選區近期才重新劃分出有利於共和黨的選區結構,民主黨候選人丹迪亞(Pia Dandiya)依然勝出。

拉美裔選民曾在2024年助川普勝選,當時他贏得近半數的拉美裔選票,大幅高於2020年的約1/3。但兩年過後,許多拉美裔選民已背離共和黨。

出口民調顯示,對經濟的憤怒情緒,使得共和黨在拉美裔選民中的支持率,從2024年的46%降至昨天的僅剩1/3。(編譯:李佩珊)1151105

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 民主黨將利用國會控制權推動與川普施政不同的經濟與社會政策

    Very likely · Within months

  • 川普與共和黨將面臨黨內反思與策略調整

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 民主黨奪回國會控制權後,具體立法議程將如何調整?
  • 川普將如何回應選舉失利與選民對其施政的不信任?
  • 拉美裔選民轉向是否將持續影響未來選舉格局?

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