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Back追梦中华·侨见自贸港:黎陶耀千年
追梦中华·侨见自贸港:黎陶耀千年
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中国新闻网11 minutes agoCulture3 min readChina

追梦中华·侨见自贸港:黎陶耀千年

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海南三亚黑土村的黎族姑娘董佳佳向海内外媒体讲述黎族原始制陶技艺的千年传承故事。该技艺于2006年入选国家级非物质文化遗产,近年来通过“非遗+旅游”模式实现创新发展,传习所扩建为5亩传承基地,吸引游客参与互动制陶体验。

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Why It Matters

黎族原始制陶技艺是黎族人民使用泥条盘筑方法制陶的手工技艺,源于黎族神话故事中陶仙娘娘传授的技艺,于2006年入选第一批中国国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。

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在三亚市黑土村,几乎家家户户的阿婆都会做黎陶。我就是玩泥巴长大的,启蒙老师是我的奶奶。”9月10日,面对来访的海内外媒体人,黎族姑娘董佳佳站在琳琅满目的黎陶制品前,讲述三亚市天涯区黎陶流传千年的故事。

当日,参加“追梦中华·侨见自贸港”2026海外华文媒体海南采访行活动的海外华文媒体及涉侨中央媒体代表,走进三亚市天涯区黑土村,感受非遗黎陶的深厚文化底蕴,体验手工制陶的乐趣。

走进村里的黎族原始制陶技艺传承基地,由器型不同、大小不一的黎陶制品组成的展示馆吸引了海内外媒体人的目光。奉行实用主义的蒸饭锅,刻画着黎族图腾大力神的储水罐,还有憨态可掬、用以观赏的文创小鹿,或古朴或潮流的文化气息,借一抔泥土展现得淋漓尽致。

董佳佳说,黎族原始制陶技艺是当地黎族人民使用泥条盘筑方法制陶的一种手工技艺,在当地的神话故事中,是古时陶仙娘娘不忍黎族百姓生活疾苦,特意传授黎族妇女制陶技艺,黎族人才得以用陶器煮饭,改善生活。

从黎族原始制陶技艺中,可以窥见黎族先祖因地制宜、就地取材的生存智慧。制作黎陶前,要先选取三种不同类型的高岭土,将其以固定比例混合,让陶土的黏性达到最佳。经过舂土、搓条、揉团、酿泥、和泥、筛土等工序后的陶土,才能进入盘筑环节。黎族原始制陶技艺海南省级非遗代表性传承人符秋莲说,盘筑的难点在于器型要左右对称,坯面要厚薄一致,才能避免陶器在烧制过程中开裂。

“以前是在露天环境中烧制黎陶,用椰壳和稻草铺满窑底,晾晒好的陶器整齐码放其上,最上层再用稻草遮盖严实,经过一整晚的高温烧制,黎陶才算制作完成。”符秋莲说,古法烧制出的黎陶,表面会有不规则的灰黑痕迹,如同水墨画,具有很强的观赏性和艺术性。如今引入电窑烧陶,温度更加稳定,出窑的陶器颜色也会更加鲜亮。

黎族原始制陶技艺于2006年入选第一批中国国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录,被誉为中国古代制陶技艺的 “活化石”。随着社会的发展,黎族原始制陶技艺也曾面临传承困境。

“社会发展太快,人们生活水平提升,就不再需要制陶维持生计。”董佳佳的父亲董福生不愿制陶手艺失传,便联合村里的制陶能手,于2014年8月在家里开办三亚黑土黎陶手工制品农民专业合作社,建起“黎族原始制陶技艺传习所”。

“台子搭起来了,路子怎么才能越走越宽呢?”看着辛苦烧制的陶器卖不出去,除了自己跑市场拓销路外,董福生还开始寻求当地非遗主管部门的帮助。

在调查了解传习所和市场后,相关部门建议合作社采用“非遗+旅游”模式,动员更多农户以土地入社,将原来面积只有120平方米的传习所改造成占地5亩的传承基地,并布局规划文旅小园区,除了丰富黎陶样式,还要讲好黎陶传承故事、增设游客互动制陶环节。

跟随采访团一同参访黑土村的海南旅游国际推荐官、白俄罗斯博主丽娜亲手制作了一只黎陶碗,碗壁上刻着“三亚”字样,她还把制陶的过程用相机拍摄了下来。“海南的黎陶非常有特色,制陶的过程也很有趣,我要把这个黎陶碗烧制好带回家,用自己亲手做的碗吃饭一定会更香,并把制陶的过程分享给更多人。”

谈及如何更好地传承黎陶,董佳佳展现出新一代年轻人的视角:要重视传统技艺的宣传和推广,将其和当下流行的元素结合,吸引年轻人的关注;要注重文旅融合,把黎陶这个单一的产品拓展为更丰富的产业,其生命力才能更加旺盛。“我还在准备申请成为黎族原始制陶技艺非遗代表性传承人,有过硬的手艺打底,传承发展的路子才不会跑偏。”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 董佳佳将成功申请成为黎族原始制陶技艺非遗代表性传承人

    Likely · Within months

  • 黎族原始制陶技艺传习所将吸引更多游客参与互动制陶

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 黎陶产业化后能否保持其传统工艺特色?
  • 年轻人参与黎陶传承的具体激励机制是什么?
  • 非遗+旅游模式在其他地区的可复制性如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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