Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 9
Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Development of New Productivity
Developing new productive forces is an intrinsic requirement and an important focus to promote high-quality development. In order to speed up the development of new productive forces, the following opinions are hereby put forward.
1. Overall requirements
Adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 20th Plenary Session of the Party, conscientiously implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session, completely and accurately implement the new development concept, adhere to innovation-led, reform-oriented, adapt to local conditions, establish first and then break, adhere to high technology, high efficiency, high quality, coordinate the relationship between government and market, quality and business format, reform and development, independence and openness, coordinate development and security, take scientific and technological innovation as the guide, and use total factor production A substantial increase in the rate is the core symbol, promoting technological revolutionary breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, in-depth industrial transformation and upgrading, promoting the optimal combination and renewal of workers, labor materials, and labor objects, comprehensively promoting scientific and technological innovation, industrial innovation, innovation in development methods, innovation in systems and mechanisms, and innovation in talent work mechanisms, accelerating the formation of production relations that are more suitable for new quality productivity, creating a good development ecology that is conducive to the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, and better supporting high-quality development.
2. Vigorously promote technological innovation
(1) Strengthen original and disruptive technological innovation. We must adhere to facing the world's technological frontiers, facing the main economic battlefield, facing the country's major needs, and facing people's lives and health, focusing on strategic, iconic, and leading products to organize major scientific and technological projects. Adhere to both goal orientation and free exploration, solve weak problems in technical science and engineering science through organized basic research and applied basic research, and support the development and innovation of free exploration basic research. Coordinate the construction of scientific and technological innovation platform bases, systematically deploy and construct major scientific and technological infrastructure, strengthen openness and sharing, and avoid duplication and dispersion. Implement breakthrough plans for basic disciplines and interdisciplinary subjects. Strengthen original theoretical research and key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations.
(2) Accelerate breakthroughs in key core technologies. Give full play to the advantages of the new national system, organize and implement high-quality development actions and industrial innovation projects in key manufacturing industry chains in key areas, and strengthen full-chain research, full-factor support, and full-ecological construction. Implement the first (set) and first batch application policies and promote iterative upgrades of technology.
(3) Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological capabilities. Give full play to the role of national laboratories in organizing major national science and technology projects and building major national innovation platforms, and pilot reforms in institutional mechanisms. Guided by national strategic needs, we will optimize the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading scientific and technological enterprises. Gradually establish a salary system for colleges and universities and scientific research institutes that stimulates innovation vitality, is knowledge value-oriented, has effective management standards, and takes into account guarantees and incentives, simultaneously promotes the reform of national scientific research institutions and high-level research universities, and mobilizes the enthusiasm of scientific research institutions and researchers. Allow scientific research institutions to implement more flexible management systems. Give full play to the key role of leading technology companies in promoting the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain.
(4) Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Strengthen the supply of inclusive incentive policies, establish an enterprise R&D reserve system, and strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological investment. Encourage technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises to increase investment in research and development, and increase the super deduction ratio of corporate research and development expenses. Enterprise R&D projects that meet national strategic needs will be upgraded to national projects according to procedures, enterprises will be encouraged to take the lead in national scientific and technological tasks, and capable private enterprises will be supported to take the lead in undertaking major national technological research tasks. Establish a mechanism for user assessment and evaluation results to strengthen the company's dominant position in the transformation of results. Improve institutional arrangements for state-owned enterprises to promote original innovation. Support the development of specialized, specialized, and new small and medium-sized enterprises.
(5) Accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity. Make good use of the advantages of ultra-large-scale markets to promote the efficient connection between technology and the market and promote the large-scale development of new productive forces. Implement large-scale application demonstration actions for new technologies, new products and new scenarios. Lay out the construction of concept verification and pilot verification platforms, and increase the construction and opening of application scenarios. Explore and establish a full-process evaluation mechanism for science and technology projects, integrate R&D and transformation tasks when establishing a project, assess application performance during acceptance, and solve the problem of disconnection between technology development and achievement transformation. Guide universities and scientific research institutes to license scientific and technological achievements to small, medium and micro enterprises on a use-first-pay-later basis. Promote large enterprises to open their supply chains to small, medium and micro enterprises, and support small, medium and micro enterprises to become an important force in the industrialization of results. Use artificial intelligence to lead the transformation of scientific research paradigms and help improve scientific research efficiency.
3. Promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation
(6) Transform and upgrade traditional industries. We must keep the foundation of the real economy and consolidate and expand China’s manufacturing hard power. Lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with the improvement of national standards, and support enterprises to use digital intelligence technology and green technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries. Organize and implement actions to improve the quality of key industries and consolidate and enhance the status and competitiveness of mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, light industry, textile, machinery, shipbuilding, construction and other industries in the global industrial division of labor. Carry out industrial base reconstruction projects, major technical equipment research projects, major technological transformation and upgrading projects in the manufacturing industry, and large-scale equipment update projects. Strengthen financial support for technological transformation of manufacturing enterprises, implement preferential tax policies related to technological transformation investment, promote the digital transformation of manufacturing, and develop intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing. Strengthen basic quality and technical capabilities and strengthen brand building. In-depth implementation of a new round of actions to increase grain production capacity of 100 billion kilograms, actions to revitalize the seed industry, actions to smart agriculture, actions to develop high-quality agricultural machinery and equipment, actions to improve the modernization of facility agriculture, and agricultural science and technology innovation conditions construction projects, and develop new forms of agricultural factories and other new forms. Implement actions to expand capacity and improve quality of the service industry, promote the extension of producer services to specialization and the high end of the value chain in different fields, and promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of the consumer service industry.
(7) Cultivate and strengthen emerging industries. Efforts will be made to create emerging pillar industries. Accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries such as new generation information technology, new energy, new materials, intelligent connected new energy vehicles, robots, biomedicine, high-end equipment, aerospace, etc., build strategic emerging industry clusters with unique characteristics and complementary advantages according to local conditions, and promote resource aggregation, subject concentration, achievement integration, division of labor and cooperation. Deepen the professional division of labor within industries and products, promote cross-industry and cross-regional integration, and avoid "involution" competition. Establish a cross-regional industrial collaboration mechanism with the industrial chain as the leading role and enterprises as the main body, and support the eastern region to drive the central, western and northeastern regions to develop emerging industries according to local conditions. On the premise of ensuring safety, we will promote the healthy and orderly development of low-altitude economy and commercial aerospace.
(8) Prospective layout of future industries. Explore diversified technical routes, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market supervision rules to promote the development of future industries such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications, and accelerate the formation of a relatively complete industrial ecosystem. Establish a mechanism for future industrial investment growth and risk sharing, make full use of existing fiscal policies to support future industrial development, and guide social capital to continue to increase investment.
(9) Promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. Improve the system for identifying data property rights, market transactions, rights distribution, and interest protection, and implement pilot demonstration projects related to data elements to fully unleash the potential of data elements. Optimize the layout, construction and operation of national data infrastructure, carry out in-depth digital transformation actions in the manufacturing industry, implement projects such as "digital data in the east and calculate in the west", intelligent manufacturing, and innovative development of the industrial Internet, and build a national integrated computing power network and a national blockchain network. Improve the policy system for promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitization, and create an internationally competitive digital industry cluster.
(10) Fully implement the “artificial intelligence +” action. Promote the transformation of traditional industries by artificial intelligence, and accelerate the application of new generation intelligent terminal scenarios such as intelligent connected new energy vehicles, artificial intelligence mobile phones and computers, and humanoid robots. Accelerate the innovation of digital intelligence technologies such as artificial intelligence, break through basic theories and core technologies, and strengthen the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, data, etc. According to local conditions and industry-specific policies, we will lay out national artificial intelligence industry application pilot bases and high-value application scenarios, and vigorously promote the application of artificial intelligence in various industries. Build a technical monitoring, risk warning, and emergency response system to ensure the safety, reliability, and controllability of artificial intelligence.
4. Efforts to promote innovation in development methods
(11) Build a green, low-carbon, circular development economic system. Strengthen green manufacturing, develop green service industries, and expand green energy industries. Adhere to the combination of source reduction, process control, and efficient terminal management, coordinate the promotion of green transformation in key industries, and accelerate green technological innovation and the promotion and application of advanced green technologies. Improve the green consumption incentive mechanism, strengthen the construction of green product certification and labeling systems, improve the level of green consumption, and use green consumption to drive the supply of green products. Build a number of zero-carbon factories and parks. Improve total resource management and comprehensive conservation systems, and improve the waste recycling system.
(12) Optimize the green development policy toolbox. Implement fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, price, technology, and environmental protection policies that promote green and low-carbon development. Improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, fully implement the dual control system of total carbon emissions and intensity, and improve the carbon emission statistical accounting system, standard measurement system, product carbon label certification system, and product carbon footprint management system. With the national carbon market as the main body, we will improve the carbon pricing mechanism, expand the coverage of the national carbon emissions trading market, optimize the carbon emission quota allocation plan, accelerate the construction of the greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading market, and improve the national unified green certificate market. Promote financial institutions to provide diversified green financial products. Optimize government green procurement policies and improve the green tax system. Implement a green and ecologically oriented agricultural subsidy system.
(13) Actively promote the energy revolution. Focus on the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goal, develop advanced nuclear fission energy in an orderly manner, build a high-proportion renewable energy power system, improve new energy consumption and regulation policies and measures, organize demonstrations and promotions of major application scenarios, accelerate the green process of energy use in production and living throughout society, promote energy consumption, supply, technology, and institutional revolution, and strengthen international cooperation in an all-round way.
5. Solidly promote institutional innovation
(14) Focus on the close integration of science and technology and economy to deepen reform. Deploy scientific and technological tasks as needed in major national engineering projects, and improve the demand-oriented topic selection system, the management system with consistent responsibilities and rights, and the application-oriented evaluation system. Deepen the reform of the empowerment of job scientific and technological achievements and the separate management of assets. Qualified state-owned enterprises are allowed to carry out various forms of incentives. Build an open, shared and secure national integrated data market, improve the transformation and efficient technology market, and promote the efficient aggregation and smooth flow of various advanced and high-quality production factors.
(15) Improve the market supervision system. Improve the market access system and strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition. Strengthen governance in areas such as artificial intelligence and biology. Strengthen cross-department joint supervision, innovate supervision methods, reduce the number of on-site supervisions, explore the "data decision-making, data management" supervision model, and improve the intelligent level of cross-department comprehensive supervision. Establish an efficient comprehensive intellectual property management system and improve the punitive compensation system. Study the tax system that is compatible with new business formats.
(16) Increase the supply of innovative financial products. Encourage and standardize the development of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment, give better play to the guiding role of government investment funds, improve the support policies for long-term capital investment early, small investment, long-term investment, and investment in hard technology, and strengthen patient capital. Encourage banks to develop loan products that meet the characteristics of new quality productivity. Enrich the scientific and technological innovation bond product system, support the listing and financing of high-quality scientific and technological enterprises, and optimize the mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations, equity incentives and other systems of scientific and technological enterprises. Develop insurance products covering the entire chain of technological innovation, and explore technology leasing and other businesses.
(17) Allocate advanced production factors globally. Expand high-level opening up to the outside world and explore and make full use of the global market. Encourage free trade pilot zones to combine location characteristics, resource endowments, and industrial advantages to gather advanced production factors at home and abroad. Give full play to the role of various multilateral and bilateral cooperation mechanisms, promote the joint construction of science and technology parks, "Belt and Road" joint laboratories, international advanced technology application promotion centers and other platforms, and proactively build a global innovation cooperation network. Take the lead in implementing and actively participating in international big science plans and big science projects. Encourage foreign venture capital institutions, international standards organizations, etc. to develop in China. Establish an efficient, convenient and secure cross-border data flow mechanism.
6. Deepen the innovation of talent working mechanism
(18) Cultivate talents urgently needed for the development of new productive forces. Coordinate and promote the reform of the education, science and technology talent system and mechanisms as a whole. Promote the improvement and expansion of higher education, develop new research universities, and optimize the adjustment mechanism for subject and major settings in colleges and universities based on industry and technological development trends. Promote the high-quality development of modern vocational education and comprehensively promote the training model of skilled talents integrating engineering and learning. Persist in cultivating talents through practice. Encourage enterprises and colleges and universities to jointly cultivate talents in customized ways, and support craftsmen and highly skilled talents from large countries to serve as intern training teachers in vocational schools. Give full play to the important role of popularization of science and technology in improving the quality of workers.
(19) Improve talent utilization and mobility policies. Implement preferential tax policies, improve the lifelong vocational skills training system, implement manufacturing talent support plans and professional and technical talent knowledge update projects, and support employers in cultivating talents. Accelerate the appropriate decoupling of the assessment, evaluation and incentives of scientific researchers from project application, paper publishing, and reward evaluation, and prevent the determination of salary, professional titles, and benefits simply based on talent "hats." Accelerate the removal of various hidden barriers and smooth channels for talent exchange in universities, scientific research institutes, and enterprises. Improve the "new eight-level workers" vocational skill level system and smooth the upward development path for industrial workers.
7. Strengthen organization and implementation
All relevant departments in all regions must, under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, strengthen the idea of a national game of chess, adhere to local conditions, strengthen classified guidance and coordination of key areas, and optimize the layout of major productivity. We must insist on establishing first and then breaking, and strive for progress while maintaining stability. We must not turn away from the real and seek the imaginary, be greedy for the big and seek completeness, engage in bubbles, and cannot have the phenomenon of industrial hollowing out or industrial disconnection. We must not blindly pursue innovation and focus on one thing at the expense of the other. Leading cadres at all levels must establish and practice a correct view of political performance, explore development paths based on reality, strictly prohibit violations and abuse of policies in the name of developing new productive forces, and seriously hold accountable those who cause heavy losses such as rushing in and investing blindly. Strengthen departmental coordination and cooperation to form a joint effort. The Central Finance Office and the National Development and Reform Commission must coordinate theoretical research, strategic planning, cross-regional and cross-department coordination, tracking, monitoring and evaluation, etc. Timely sum up experience and practices, strengthen publicity and promotion, and create a good atmosphere. Major matters shall be reported to the Party Central Committee and the State Council for instructions in a timely manner and in accordance with procedures.
