
首届世界机器人登泰山大赛引发热议,业内人士分析机器人登山“中暑”原因及实际应用前景
在山东泰安首届世界机器人登泰山大赛上,春晚同款宇树G1开发版机器人因过热退赛,引发公众对人形机器人实际作业能力的关注。专家指出,机器人“中暑”主要是散热不足,而非外界气温高;舞台表演与真实负荷下的持续作业存在差距。业内认为,人形机器人最大瓶颈不在“大脑”,而在持续自主作业能力,未来两三年可能在特定岗位成为可靠帮手,通用人形机器人独立承担家务或高风险救援仍需更长时间。
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首届世界机器人登泰山大赛在山东泰安举行,春晚同款宇树G1开发版机器人参赛但因过热退赛,登上微博热搜。科技日报记者采访了中国电子信息产业发展研究院、北京理工大学和北京社科院的专家,分析机器人登山“中暑”原因、衡量机器人价值的标准以及距离实际应用还有多远。
在山东泰安近日举行的首届世界机器人登泰山大赛上,春晚同款宇树G1开发版机器人中途因机器过热出现状况,为安全起见,操作手选择退赛。
“宇树机器人爬泰山比赛因过热退赛”登上微博热搜,引发公众对人形机器人实际作业能力的关注。舞台上灵活的机器人,为何上山就“中暑”?距离实际应用还有多远?科技日报记者就此采访了业内相关专家。
第一问:机器人登山为何会“中暑”?
中国电子信息产业发展研究院一位不愿具名的专家表示,这场比赛更像是测试,测的是人形机器人能否把短时间运动能力转化为持续作业能力。
专家解释,所谓机器人“中暑”,主要是机体产生的热量来不及排出,并不是因为外界气温很高。舞台表演通常在较为平整、可控的环境中进行,动作经过反复训练和编排,重点是把一个高难度动作做出来;泰山的石阶却要求机器人一边判断落脚点,一边不断抬升自身重量,髋、膝、踝等关节必须长时间输出较大力量。尤其在高负载、低转速和频繁调整姿态时,关节电机更容易积累热量。
宇树G1公开参数中的散热方式是局部风冷,标称续航约两小时,但标称续航不能直接等同于连续爬山的工作时长。机器人确实已经能够展示很高的动作上限,但在真实负荷下把能力稳定地保持几十分钟乃至更长时间,仍是需要攻克的难关。
从更深层次看,这是灵活性与连续工作能力之间的工程取舍。为了让机器人动作轻快,研发人员需要把电机、减速器、传感器尽可能装进紧凑的关节;但要让它长时间爬坡,又需要更强的持续输出能力、更好的散热和更多电量,这些往往会增加体积、重量和能耗。
第二问:衡量机器人价值更看重什么?
北京理工大学教授、北京理工华汇智能科技有限公司董事长张伟民认为,此次比赛暴露的最明显短板,是机器人面对不规则地形时的自主适应能力仍然不足。泰山台阶高度、进深、坡度和摩擦条件不断变化,机器人每迈一步都需判断脚能否踩稳,落脚后再根据实际受力调整重心。舞台动作可以预先编排,但真实山路却不会按照训练时的条件出现。部分机器人踉跄、后退、频繁停顿,反映出环境感知、落脚规划、接触力控制与全身平衡之间的配合还不够成熟。人走山路时随时进行的细微调整,对机器人来说依然很复杂。
张伟民认为,更值得重视的是自主纠错和安全处置能力。现场有机器人需操作手牵引才能前进,说明它在困难路段仍依赖人的即时帮助。真正投入生产生活的机器人,不能只在一切正常时做对动作,还要在打滑、踩空、路径受阻、关节温度升高时,自主判断降速、换步态、重新规划路线等。有人随时扶住才能到终点,与独立完成任务并安全返回,代表着两种不同的技术水平。
“当然不能只看到‘翻车’画面,也有机器人在比赛中表现突出。”上述不具名专家强调,未来衡量机器人实用价值,不能只看一次跑多快、跳多高,更要看其连续工作时长、任务次数、人工干预次数,以及意外后能否自行恢复。产业真正需要争取的,是稳定可靠的有效工作时间。
第三问:距离实际应用还有多远?
“人形机器人最大的瓶颈不在‘大脑’,而在持续自主作业能力。”北京社科院副研究员王鹏表示,机器人“大脑”已能理解环境、看懂指令、学会复杂动作,但运动控制、硬件与任务决策尚未真正协调。爬山时关节升温,它既要判断下一步踩在哪里,还要判断是否放慢速度、换步态乃至休息,这需要智能模型、运动控制、执行器、热管理与电池管理协同发力。
当前,具身智能正从完成指定动作转向适应陌生环境。“但完成限定任务,与长期自主处理异常仍有差距。”王鹏说,尤其是家庭环境持续变化,老人、儿童、宠物可能突然进入工作区等,对安全和容错能力的要求更高。
因此,王鹏表示,人形机器人分场景、分阶段推进更为可行。工厂固定工位、仓储搬运、封闭园区巡检边界清晰,充电、维护和人工接管容易安排,最有条件先形成稳定岗位。应急救援方面,四足、履带形态机器人更适应部分地形,不宜盲目追求人形机器人,近期更现实的是把人工协作、远程操作与局部自主结合起来。
“未来两三年,具身智能更可能在一批具体岗位上成为可靠帮手。通用人形机器人若要独立料理家务、承担高风险救援等,还需更长时间。”上述不具名专家说,产业竞争的关键,也将从“能表演多少动作”转向“每小时能可靠完成多少有价值的工作”。
记者 付丽丽
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
未来两三年,具身智能更可能在工厂固定工位、仓储搬运、封闭园区巡检等具体岗位上成为可靠帮手
Likely · Within years
通用人形机器人独立料理家务、承担高风险救援等任务还需更长时间
Likely · Within years

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