Breaking
KRJeju Governor orders all-out search and rescue for missing people in Chagwi Island fishing boat capsize accidentCNCroatia defeated England 0-7, the biggest defeat in team historyCNAsian stocks surge; Nikkei returns to 70,000 pointsKRGangnam-gu holds ‘Start Track Week 2026’… Events such as Startup World Cup KoreaDENobel Prize Ceremony 2025: Machado receives Peace Prize, controversy over Trump passing onCNSuhua Road Corridor activates traffic control during the National Day holiday. Buses have priority and large trucks over 21 tons are prohibited.INTLSam Wood charged with domestic violence offences in QueenslandCNTaipei Neihu Logistics Company stabbing case: Supervisor's brother named Ye stabbed employeeRURussian troops discovered a control center for drones and NRTK of the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the Sumy regionRUUS military strikes go-fast boat in Caribbean, four killedKRJeju Governor orders all-out search and rescue for missing people in Chagwi Island fishing boat capsize accidentCNCroatia defeated England 0-7, the biggest defeat in team historyCNAsian stocks surge; Nikkei returns to 70,000 pointsKRGangnam-gu holds ‘Start Track Week 2026’… Events such as Startup World Cup KoreaDENobel Prize Ceremony 2025: Machado receives Peace Prize, controversy over Trump passing onCNSuhua Road Corridor activates traffic control during the National Day holiday. Buses have priority and large trucks over 21 tons are prohibited.INTLSam Wood charged with domestic violence offences in QueenslandCNTaipei Neihu Logistics Company stabbing case: Supervisor's brother named Ye stabbed employeeRURussian troops discovered a control center for drones and NRTK of the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the Sumy regionRUUS military strikes go-fast boat in Caribbean, four killed
Back寒背又疼痛?五個保護頸部的運動
寒背又疼痛?五個保護頸部的運動
Developing
BBC中文2 hours agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

寒背又疼痛?五個保護頸部的運動

Quick Look

隨著長時間使用電子設備導致不良姿勢,頸部承受的壓力可達60磅,遠超正常狀態的12磅。本文介紹五個簡單運動,包括轉動頭部、保持良好姿勢、改善下巴前伸、鍛煉深層頸屈肌及增強頸屈肌耐力,以緩解頸痛、預防脊柱問題,並強調活動與適時休息的重要性。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

現代人長時間使用智能手機和電腦導致不良姿勢,使頸部承受的壓力從正常的12磅增加到約60磅,增加頸痛和脊柱問題風險。研究顯示,頸部和上背部問題正在更年輕時期出現,兒童和青少年脊柱側彎患病率上升與姿勢不良、長時間坐着和過度使用屏幕有關。

Font size

有時候,我們值得想一想人類頭部究竟有多重。

任職於倫敦皇后醫院、英國國民保健署(NHS)的脊椎神經外科顧問醫生安東尼·戈什(Anthony Ghosh)說,當你挺直坐着或站立時,頭部施加在頸部的力只有約12磅(5.4公斤),並不會構成問題。

然而,全球數以十億計的人每天都有很長時間彎腰駝背。當我們俯身使用手提電腦和智能手機時,頸部承受的重量分佈會大幅改變。

戈什說,在這種令人不適的低頭姿勢下,頭部施加在頸部的力會增至約60磅(27.2公斤),「所以,頸部其實要承受相當大的壓力。」

簡而言之,現代生活對我們的頸部很不利。不過,無論你年紀多大,都可以嘗試以下五個簡單運動,以維持頸部健康,預防日後出現問題。

常見問題

有些頸部問題,是我們隨年齡增長、肌肉骨骼系統逐漸變化的自然結果。頸部支撐組織的彈性會下降,也會變得愈來愈僵硬。這種退化雖然無法完全避免,但運動有助減慢磨損。

戈什說:「在脊椎方面,沒有一名40歲以上人士的磁力共振掃描結果是完全正常的。每個人的椎間盤——也就是椎骨之間的軟墊——都會有一些磨損。頸部後方的關節也會稍為增厚和變得僵硬。」

科技的影響也是一個問題。當我們埋頭看電子裝置時,身體會採取一種典型的「屈曲」姿勢:上背部過度彎曲,形成明顯的寒背或駝背;下巴和頭部向前伸,而不是保持在雙肩正上方。這會對頸部肌肉和上段脊椎的椎骨關節造成很大壓力。

根據對《2021年全球疾病負擔》報告的分析,約有六成至八成的人一生中會出現頸痛,近五成人更會經常或反覆受到頸痛困擾。

這些問題最初可能只是上段脊椎愈來愈僵硬、活動幅度下降,之後不適感會逐漸加劇並持續出現。

令人憂慮的是,研究顯示,與頸部和上背部有關的問題開始在更年輕時出現。根據一項在2025年發表、綜合全球數據的統合分析,過去30年,兒童和青少年脊柱側彎的患病率持續上升。這種病症會令脊柱形成不正常的彎曲,頸部肌肉因而必須用力並作出補償,才能使頭部保持水平。

雖然大部分脊柱側彎個案的成因不明,但這項2025年的研究發現,除了家族病史、性別和身體質量指數(BMI)偏低外,脊柱側彎亦與姿勢不良、長時間坐着和過度使用屏幕有顯著關聯。

不過,我們可以做很多事情,減低頸部問題出現的風險。戈什認為,與其花錢購買高檔座椅或其他符合人體工學的輔助用品,不如多活動,並確保自己經常暫停看屏幕。

他說:「脊椎只是想要活動。活動能讓血液循環流經脊椎,也能改善肌肉張力。」

以下運動尤其有助放鬆關節、改善不良姿勢,並增強頸部肌肉的承受能力,應付長時間望着前方屏幕所帶來的挑戰。開始任何新的運動計劃前,應先諮詢醫生。

1. 轉動頭部

如果你正受頸痛困擾,英國國民保健署建議進行一項簡單運動,幫助頸部恢復力量和活動能力。

挺直坐着或仰臥,盡量把頭轉向右邊,維持兩秒。這時,你應該會感到頸部另一側被拉伸。返回起始位置,再盡量把頭轉向左邊。

重複兩至三次。你也可以在一天內多做幾次,以感覺舒適為準。

2. 保持良好姿勢

保持良好的頸部姿勢十分重要,因為不良姿勢會令頸部肌肉受壓。頸部本來就能朝各個方向活動,因此其中一個要訣,是在一天內經常活動頸部。

不過,頸部「最理想」的位置,是與脊椎保持一致的中立位置。肩膀和背部要放鬆,頸部則要伸展並保持挺直。盡量避免把下巴向前伸或雙肩向前彎,也不要讓頭部長時間扭轉或側傾。

長時間坐着時,例如使用電腦、看電視或駕駛期間,採取這種姿勢會有幫助。

3. 改善「下巴前伸」

多年來望着電腦屏幕,可能會形成「下巴前伸」的姿勢,即頭部向前伸出,而不是與肩膀對齊。不過,改變坐姿習慣和進行簡單運動,可以改善這個問題。

你可以輕輕把頸部向上延伸,同時收起下巴。想像下巴下面放着一個柔軟的桃子:收下巴時不要太用力,以免把它壓扁,但也不要鬆開至讓它掉下來。

把鎖骨向兩側展開,再輕輕將肩胛骨向下、向後拉近脊椎中央。同時,輕輕收緊下腹的「核心」肌肉,讓下背部維持自然、柔和的弧度。

羽毛筆與斜面書桌

工業革命前的學者也會花上很多時間埋首研讀手稿。不過,戈什留意到,從畫作中的描繪可見,他們通常會在讀經台或傾斜約45度的書桌上閱讀和書寫。這種安排對頸部造成的壓力較小。

戈什說:「幾個世紀以來,斜面書桌都很常見,因為這種設計更適合使用蘸墨水的羽毛筆。」

他解釋,如果紙張平放,會阻礙墨水流動,也較容易造成墨漬。

直至過去100年,隨着打字機及其後電腦出現,平面書桌才變得更實用。新的頸部痛症也隨之而來。

4. 鍛煉深層頸屈肌

戈什解釋,由於我們現在每天都花上很多時間望着屏幕,增強頸屈肌的耐力會有幫助。這組肌肉有助維持頸部穩定,並承托頭部的重量。

要鍛煉頸屈肌,可在床上仰臥,屈曲膝蓋,雙腳平放,然後把下巴收向胸口。

用一隻手托着後腦,把頭抬至離開床面約一吋。然後移開手,盡量長時間保持這個姿勢。開始時可先維持數秒;如果做得到,便逐步延長至30秒。

5. 增強頸屈肌耐力

另一種主動鍛煉頸屈肌的方法,是使用一張有頭枕的椅子。

挺直站立並屈曲頸部,把頭低下。短暫停留,然後放鬆頸部,返回起始位置,再重複這項運動。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 隨著人們對頸部健康重要性的認識提升,類似預防性頸部運動的指導內容將在健康平台和職場培訓中獲得更廣泛傳播。

    Likely · Within months

  • 未來電子設備設計可能會更多考慮人體工學因素,例如內建姿勢提醒功能或可調整角度的支架,以減少使用者低頭時間。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 這些運動在不同年齡層中的具體效果如何?
  • 長期堅持這些運動是否能完全逆轉已有的頸部問題?
  • 除了運動外,工作環境的人體工學調整對頸部健康的貢獻程度是多少?
  • 不同文化和地區的人們在頸部問題上的發生率差異為何?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by BBC中文.

Related Stories

Minister of Health and Welfare Shi Chongliang: The harm reduction program has achieved remarkable results. The HIV infection rate among injection drug addicts has dropped from 72% to 1.7%.
Developing·

Minister of Health and Welfare Shi Chongliang: The harm reduction program has achieved remarkable results. The HIV infection rate among injection drug addicts has dropped from 72% to 1.7%.

Minister of Health and Welfare Shi Chongliang pointed out that since the implementation of harm reduction programs such as clean needles and methadone promoted by the government in 2005, the proportion of injecting drug addicts among new HIV infections has dropped significantly from 72% to 1.7% last year, showing that the policy has obvious effects in preventing and treating AIDS.

自由时报
2 min read
Crabfoot is formed after ear bone piercing. The scar continues to proliferate beyond the scope of the wound, accompanied by itching, pain and tightness.
Developing·

Crabfoot is formed after ear bone piercing. The scar continues to proliferate beyond the scope of the wound, accompanied by itching, pain and tightness.

Ms. Lin, a 25-year-old woman, experienced an abnormal bulge during the wound healing after her ear bone was pierced. The scar continued to proliferate beyond the scope of the original wound, accompanied by itching, pain, and tightness. Dr. Xu Jiayuan of the Plastic Surgery Department of National Taiwan University Branch in Hsinchu diagnosed her with keloids. She is currently undergoing treatment and follow-up.

自由时报
2 min read
Consecutive miscarriages may stem from autoimmune issues, and doctors recommend early evaluation
Developing·

Consecutive miscarriages may stem from autoimmune issues, and doctors recommend early evaluation

Li Mengru, director of the Reproductive Medicine Center of Hsinchu Affiliated Hospital, pointed out that if women experience more than two consecutive miscarriages, they should be evaluated for autoimmune antibody problems, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome, and drug treatment and interdisciplinary consultation can increase the successful pregnancy rate.

自由时报
2 min read
Penghu Coast Guard dispatches late-night emergency evacuation to people on outlying islands
Developing·

Penghu Coast Guard dispatches late-night emergency evacuation to people on outlying islands

On the evening of the 4th, the Penghu Coast Guard was notified indirectly by the Wangan Clinic, and assisted a 66-year-old man who needed to be evacuated to Magong for medical treatment due to pneumonia and high fever. On the 5th, the Penghu Coast Patrol also assisted a 70-year-old man from the Penghu Branch of the Third General Hospital to be referred to the Kaohsiung Rongzhong for traumatic subdural hemorrhage through the idling evacuation platform of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. It emphasized that medical resources on outlying islands are insufficient, and air transfers are used to gain golden rescue time.

自由时报
2 min read
Russian Institute of Epidemic Prevention suspected of leaking pathogens, female researcher died, may be involved in plague
Developing·

Russian Institute of Epidemic Prevention suspected of leaking pathogens, female researcher died, may be involved in plague

A 28-year-old female researcher died of an unknown pneumonia infection at the Serekhov Institute of Epidemic Prevention in Irkutsk Region, Russia, where an infectious agent was suspected to have leaked. There are reports that she may have died from the plague. Russian health authorities say the epidemiological situation is stable, but nearby factories require employees to wear masks, and nearly 200 people are under observation in the hospital. The U.S. State Department, CDC and WHO have all expressed concern, and WHO points out that plague can be treated with antibiotics and preventable.

自由时报
2 min read
Chiayi County’s Fanlu Township promotes dementia-friendly communities to show results
Developing·

Chiayi County’s Fanlu Township promotes dementia-friendly communities to show results

Fanlu Township, Chiayi County held a dementia-friendly community achievement exhibition and combined with the Persimmon Festival activities to promote the "5 Musts and 4 Preventions" to prevent dementia. 32 friendly organizations have been recruited to establish a support network, and dementia-friendly landmarks have been set up in Zhulu Community, integrating Tsou cultural elements, with the aim of reducing stigma and improving the community's understanding and support for dementia.

自由时报
2 min read
More on this topic頸部健康