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Back63度の高温で増殖する新種アメーバを発見 米チーム、真核生物で最高
63度の高温で増殖する新種アメーバを発見 米チーム、真核生物で最高
Science
時事通信5 days agoScience1 min readJapanView translation

63度の高温で増殖する新種アメーバを発見 米チーム、真核生物で最高

米カリフォルニア州の国立公園で採取、タンパク質変性を防ぐ遺伝子群を確認

Quick Look

米シラキュース大学などの研究チームが、カリフォルニア州のラッセン火山国立公園で63度の高温で増殖する単細胞の新種アメーバ類を発見したと米科学誌に発表した。細胞核を持つ真核生物での増殖温度としては最高記録となる。

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Why It Matters

真核生物におけるこれまでの増殖最高温度は真菌や紅藻の60度だった。

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米カリフォルニア州のラッセン火山国立公園で地表を流れる温泉水から単細胞のアメーバ類の一種を採取し、培養実験を行ったところ、63度の高温で増殖したことが分かった。米シラキュース大などの研究チームが26日までに米科学誌セル電子版に発表した。増殖温度は細胞核がある真核生物で最高記録という。

このアメーバ類はDNA解析で新属新種に分類され、学名は「炎のアメーバ」という意味や発見地のカスケード山脈から「インケンディアモエバ・カスカデンシス」と名付けられた。細菌を餌として、64度でも移動でき、70度では休眠状態になるものの、その後温度を下げると復活した。

真核生物には真菌類(酵母、カビ、キノコ)や藻類、植物、動物などが含まれる。過去に報告された増殖の最高温度は真菌や紅藻の60度だった。新種アメーバ類は3度上回っただけだが、高温によるたんぱく質の変性を防ぎ、損傷したDNAを修復する遺伝子群が見つかった。今後さらに高温に強い微生物が発見される可能性があり、その仕組みが医薬品や食品、繊維などの生産に利用される酵素の改良に役立つと期待される。

生物増殖の最高温度記録は古細菌(原核生物)の122度。日本の海洋研究開発機構が2008年、インド洋の深海熱水環境で採取した超好熱メタン生成古細菌の高圧培養実験を行い、増殖したと発表した。

Open Questions

  • さらに高温に強い微生物が発見される可能性はあるか
  • 見つかった遺伝子群の詳細なメカニズムはどうなっているか

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