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Back吃降压药会“成瘾”?这些误区很多人还在信
吃降压药会“成瘾”?这些误区很多人还在信
Health
中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth5 min readChina

吃降压药会“成瘾”?这些误区很多人还在信

19岁大学生血压高达210/100毫米汞柱,专家呼吁年轻人重视血压监测与生活方式管理

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在第29个全国高血压日之际,数据显示我国高血压患者已达2.45亿,且呈现年轻化趋势。专家指出,年轻人常因忽视早期症状导致靶器官受损,强调应通过规范测量、科学用药及改善生活方式进行长期管理。

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Why It Matters

10月8日为第29个全国高血压日。我国18岁及以上成人高血压患病人数约2.45亿。

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10月8日,第29个全国高血压日。数据显示,我国18岁及以上成人高血压患病人数约2.45亿,中青年群体患病率增长显著。高血压,早已不是“老年病”。不少年轻人患病早期没有头晕、头痛等不适,却已经出现心脏等靶器官损害。

19岁血压210/100毫米汞柱,年轻不是“护身符”。近日,19岁大学生小朱因突发呕吐、头晕被送往急诊。入院测量血压发现,其收缩压和舒张压分别高达210和100毫米汞柱。小朱说,自己平时经常熬夜刷手机,从不特意测量血压,此前身体没有发出任何明显预警。这次确诊高血压,检查已经提示心脏出现扩大,出现早期靶器官损伤。他曾有心悸等不适,但因为年纪小,从没怀疑过自己会得高血压。一句“没怀疑过”,道出了当下许多年轻人的认知盲区:年纪轻,不等于血管年轻。

高血压,是指血液在血管内流动时对血管壁产生的压力持续高于正常水平。诊断标准是:在未使用降压药物的情况下,非同日三次诊室血压测量,收缩压也就是高压≥140毫米汞柱,或舒张压也就是低压≥90毫米汞柱。

医生表示,长期点外卖、盐摄入较多、长期熬夜、肥胖、久坐不动、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征都是高血压的危险因素。此外,高血压家族史带来的风险也不容忽视。

早期没感觉,不等于没损伤。专家介绍,高血压分为原发性和继发性两大类,九成以上患者属于原发性。高血压早期常无症状,进一步发展,患者可能出现头晕、头痛、颈项板紧、疲劳、心悸等不适。其中头晕最常见,多为持续性沉闷感,常在突然蹲起时加重。当血压急剧升高,出现剧烈头痛、恶心呕吐、视力模糊、胸闷胸痛、意识模糊等信号时,属于高血压急症,必须紧急就医。

长期高血压可能带来的影响:心脏:左心室肥厚,甚至心衰,还包括房颤;大脑:脑出血、脑梗,甚至蛛网膜下腔出血、意识不清;肾脏:肾动脉硬化、狭窄、肾功能不全;眼睛:眼底动脉粥样硬化、眼底出血,甚至失明;周边血管:下肢动脉粥样硬化,包括间歇性跛行。

在家测血压忽高忽低?先排查这些细节。大多数高血压患者,可以通过改善生活方式以及规范规律用药,把血压控制在理想范围。而这一切的第一步,是精准测量。不少患者在家自测时总抱怨数据“忽高忽低”,甚至因此误判病情。专家表示:可能是和测量时间不固定、测量部位不固定、测量姿势不同、测量时心不静、血压计老旧等情况有关。

医生给出了测量血压的规范操作:推荐使用经过标准验证的上臂式电子血压计;测量前30分钟内避免剧烈活动,建议至少静坐3至5分钟;选择有靠背的椅子,身体充分放松;袖带与心脏平齐,选择与臂围相适应的袖带;测量前尽量排空膀胱,不饮用烈酒、咖啡等刺激性饮品,在平稳安静的状态下监测。

降压药不能随意停。专家表示,降压药不存在成瘾性,多数患者需要长期坚持服用。若单一药物效果不理想,应由医生评估后采用联合用药方案。此外,医生提醒,自行减药或停药后血压骤然回升,可能诱发心绞痛或脑卒中。

坚持服药的同时,也要积极改善生活习惯。减少氯化钠摄入、增加钾盐摄入、避免熬夜、规范作息、减压、戒烟限酒、减轻体重。医生还提到,有些年轻患者通过体重下降和生活方式管理,甚至可以实现血压的逆转。建议进行中等强度有氧运动,每次20分钟至30分钟;若能结合抗阻运动,效果会更好。

医生特别点出另一种误区:部分患者迷信保健品、偏方或食疗,以此替代正规药物治疗,这样可能会因耽误治疗造成血压波动,引发不可挽回的后果。

高血压管理是一场“持久战”,别等身体“报警”才行动。从今天起,定期测血压、科学控血压,别让年轻掩盖了血压危机。

Open Questions

  • 年轻人高血压的具体发病机制差异
  • 针对年轻群体的血压筛查普及率

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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