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Back调研:欧洲的数字依赖日益严重
调研:欧洲的数字依赖日益严重
Tech
德国之声4 hours agoTech3 min readChinaView translation

调研:欧洲的数字依赖日益严重

波恩大学CASSIS研究显示,过去十年间欧洲对外国数码技术供应商的依赖有增无减,而中美则明显减少了相互依赖。

Quick Look

波恩大学CASSIS与沃达丰研究所的一项调研显示,2010至2023年间欧洲数字依赖指数增至0.69,而中美依赖程度下降。德国排名全球第25位,在软件与云服务等平台领域几乎完全依赖外国。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

波恩大学CASSIS与沃达丰研究所通过数字依赖指数(DDI)分析了2010至2023年间各国的数码技术依赖程度。

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在核心技术领域,欧洲同美国和中国的差距变得越来越大。过去几年当中,中美两大技术强国已经明显减少了相互间的依赖,但与此同时,欧洲对外国数码技术供应商的依赖程度却在过去十年当中有增无减。这是波恩大学安全战略与一体化研究中心(CASSIS)与沃达丰社会与传播研究所合作开展的一项调研所得出的结论。

为此目的,研究人员推出了所谓的“数字依赖指数”Digital Dependence Index(DDI),该指数分析了过去14年间,发达及新兴国家的相关数据。该指数包含硬件贸易、信息技术服务、软件平台和技术专利等四个核心领域,以0至1衡量依赖程度:0代表完全自主,1代表完全依赖。

在2010年至2023年期间,欧洲国家的平均依赖指数增加了0.5%,增至0.69。而在同一时期内,中国的依赖指数则下降了10.8%,降至0.43。美国的指数则改善了6%,仍以0.38雄踞数码自主国家排行榜的榜首。

德国的数字依赖指数则为0.73,全球排行第25位,同奥地利和泰国等国同属世界中流。根据调研报告,从2010年至2023年,德国的数字依赖程度增加了2.4%,主要原因是软件和信息服务方面的依赖性进一步提高。

从单一领域来看,德国的情况相当矛盾:一方面,在接受调查的所有欧洲国家当中,德国在信息及通信技术专利方面,对外依赖的程度最低。另一方面,尽管德国在欧洲处于领先地位,但在全球视角下,德国在数码领域的专利水平却分别比美国、中国以及韩国落后26%、20%以及12%。

同绝大多数欧洲国家一样,德国在平台、操作系统、搜索引擎以及云服务方面,几乎完全依赖外国服务商。有鉴于此,德国同意大利、法国和英国一样,都属于具有强大科研实力,却在平台经济领域“一贫如洗”的后工业化国家。

纵观整个欧洲,不同领域的依赖程度也有极大差别:在数码服务和硬件领域,欧洲的依赖指数分别为0.42和0.59,情况相对乐观。但在平台经济和数码专利方面,欧洲的依赖指数竟高度0.99,几乎完全受制于第三国。

与此同时,科学家们还指出,所谓的‘爱尔兰效应’可能会造成数据失真。爱尔兰的依赖指数只有0.40,似乎技术自主程度极高,但这在很大程度上却是出于大量美国高科技公司出于避税考虑,将欧洲总部设址爱尔兰的原因。如果在相关统计中刨除爱尔兰,那么,2022年至2024年欧洲数码服务领域的贸易顺差即刻就会变成高达3500亿美元的逆差。

Open Questions

  • 欧洲未来将采取何种具体政策减少数字依赖?
  • 爱尔兰效应扭曲的具体修正数据是什么?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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