北大港与七里海湿地监测到大量候鸟,卫星追踪揭示东方白鹳独特迁徙行为
正值候鸟迁徙季,天津北大港与七里海湿地迎来大量候鸟。科研团队通过卫星追踪救助放归的东方白鹳“欣欣”与“荣荣”,发现其迁徙路线具有独特性,并监测到种群互动行为,为候鸟保护提供科学依据。
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天津位于东亚—澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙通道的关键节点,湿地是候鸟的重要中转站。科研人员通过卫星追踪器监测放归候鸟的生存状态与迁徙路线。
眼下,正值越冬候鸟大规模迁徙季。天津地处东亚—澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙通道关键节点,各大湿地自然保护区作为候鸟迁徙重要“驿站”,纷纷迎来大批南迁候鸟。
北大港湿地自然保护区候鸟集群中,数量最多的是花脸鸭,目前已达7万余只。这里还监测到27只大红鹳,创下北大港湿地自然保护区这一鸟类监测数量的新高。
而在七里海湿地自然保护区,东方白鹳数量日监测最高值有1600只,花脸鸭日监测最高值达3.9万余只。此外,这里时隔20年还监测到3只国家一级保护动物丹顶鹤。白枕鹤、遗鸥等珍稀鸟类种群数量也有所增加。
卫星定位追踪,东方白鹳姐妹“不走寻常路”。
再来认识两只雌性的国家一级保护动物——东方白鹳,它们曾经因为受伤被天津市野生动物救护繁育中心救助后,起名叫“欣欣”和“荣荣”。
经过一段时间的精心照料,它们都已康复,并在天津七里海湿地放归野外。当时,天津师范大学的科研团队还为“欣欣”和“荣荣”佩戴了卫星追踪器,持续追踪监测它们的迁徙路线、生存状态等。
两年过去了,根据这几年对它们的追踪监测,科研人员有哪些有趣的发现呢?
科研人员在整理东方白鹳“欣欣”和“荣荣”这两年回传的轨迹数据时,欣喜地发现,它们的迁徙路线“不走寻常路”。
天津师范大学野生动物资源保护研究团队成员吴弘表示:“荣荣”当年放归赶在了11月,到了它该南迁的季节。我们观测到它立马南下,一直到了东方白鹳传统的越冬地鄱阳湖。但它此后没有返回东北,而是选择在河北唐山繁殖。另一只东方白鹳“欣欣”,放归后到了山东东营。经过持续两年的追踪,我们发现它基本把山东东营作为老家,在这里越冬、度夏。
科研人员还发现,“欣欣”虽然留在了山东东营,但这期间,它还连续两年到访了河北唐山,像“秋游”一样,停留一阵儿,又返回山东东营。
吴弘介绍:2025年秋季,卫星跟踪系统监测到“欣欣”向北飞到了天津滨海新区一带,最后来到了河北唐山,在当地停留20多天后,又迅速返回了山东东营。起初我们以为这只是一个偶发的现象。而在2026年,“欣欣”再次复现了“秋游”行为。
吴弘补充道:我们可以清晰地看到,“欣欣”和“荣荣”2025年在唐山地区的交流互动比较频繁,而2026年频次降低了。我们推测,这两只放归的东方白鹳可能在各自的种群已经建立了更为稳固的关系网络,所以降低了互动频次。这也为我们研究种群之间的交流提供了一个很好的基础。
目前,工作人员还在持续跟踪这两只东方白鹳的繁殖情况,依托粪便、羽毛等样本开展实验室检测研究,从宏观迁徙轨迹到微观生理信息多维度分析,为东方白鹳种群保护、栖息地修复等工作提供支撑。

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