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Back歐三國六代戰機合作破局 法改自主研發「超級飆風」F5成過渡關鍵
歐三國六代戰機合作破局 法改自主研發「超級飆風」F5成過渡關鍵
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自由时报3 hours agoDefense3 min readChinaView translation

歐三國六代戰機合作破局 法改自主研發「超級飆風」F5成過渡關鍵

法德西未來空中作戰系統(FCAS)因主導權分歧破局,法國決定自主研發下一代戰機,並加速「飆風」F5升級計畫以維持戰力。

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法德西共同推動的「未來空中作戰系統」(FCAS)計畫宣告破局,法國決定轉向自主研發下一代戰機,並加速推進「超級飆風」F5升級計畫,以在新型戰機服役前維持空基核嚇阻與作戰能力。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

法國、德國及西班牙共同推動的未來空中作戰系統(FCAS)因工業分工及主導權分歧宣告破局。

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歐洲第六代戰機合作計畫出現重大轉折,法國、德國及西班牙共同推動的「未來空中作戰系統」(FCAS)戰機項目,於今年6月宣告破局後,法國決定轉向自主研發下一代戰機,並加速推動被稱為「超級飆風」(Super Rafale)的「飆風」F5升級計畫,希望在新型戰機服役前,持續維持空基核嚇阻、航空母艦艦載機及空中作戰能力。

軍聞網站「Defnece Security Asia」報導,FCAS戰機項目破局的主要原因,並非技術上無法共同研發第六代戰機,而是各國航空工業對計畫主導權、研發分工及智慧財產權存在重大分歧。

其中,法國達梭航空(Dassault Aviation)董事長兼執行長特拉皮耶(Éric Trappier),過去便反對三國共同領導的模式,主張戰機研發必須有明確的設計主導權,凸顯各國對未來軍事技術自主權的不同立場。

根據法國最新發展路線圖,下一代戰機計畫預計於2027年展開第二階段技術驗證,2029年啟動實際作戰機型研發,技術驗證機則規劃於2031年至2032年前後首飛,並以2040年代初期形成服役能力為目標。不過,相關時間仍屬計畫規劃,並非確定交付時程。

由於下一代戰機距離服役仍有十多年,法國將持續升級現役「飆風」,其中F5構型被視為維持戰力的重要過渡方案,除了延續空軍核嚇阻任務,也必須滿足法國海軍航空母艦的艦載作戰需求。

規劃中的「飆風」F5將整合人工智慧、升級版主動電子掃描陣列(AESA)雷達、數位電子戰系統、抗干擾通訊設備及更高推力的發動機,透過強化感測器整合與協同作戰能力,提升面對新型威脅時的生存性及打擊效率。

值得注意的是,F5也規劃與匿蹤無人作戰航空載具(UCAV)協同運用,讓有人戰機與無人機分別執行偵察、電子攻擊及打擊任務,建立分散式作戰能力。不過,相關性能仍須透過未來測試,驗證通訊可靠性及系統整合效果。

另一方面,FCAS戰機項目雖然破局,但原有的「作戰雲」(Combat Cloud)及協同無人機技術,仍可能保留部分合作空間。德國則已透過採購F-35戰機建立另一條戰力發展路線,現階段歐洲空中作戰主力仍以「飆風」及「颱風」(Eurofighter Typhoon)戰機為主。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 下一代戰機計畫預計於2027年展開第二階段技術驗證

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 法國下一代戰機能否如期在2040年代服役?
  • 「作戰雲」及無人機技術未來合作空間如何落實?

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