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Back五支毛笔四支来自这里,千年小镇“写”出百亿元产业
五支毛笔四支来自这里,千年小镇“写”出百亿元产业
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中国新闻网24 minutes agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

五支毛笔四支来自这里,千年小镇“写”出百亿元产业

年销量超12亿支,占全国毛笔市场约八成,产品远销多个国家和地区

Quick Look

江西进贤县文港镇凭借1600年制笔工艺,年销售毛笔超12亿支,占全国毛笔市场约八成,相关文化用品产业年销售收入近百亿元,产品远销美国、法国、澳大利亚、新加坡等国家和地区。

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Why It Matters

文港毛笔源于晋、兴于唐、盛于宋,制笔工艺有1600多年历史。明代中期成为皇宫御笔。近代以来硬笔兴起及电脑手机普及,毛笔一度沉寂。1988年建皮毛毛笔交易市场,2021年制笔技艺列入第五批国家级非遗代表性项目名录,2021年获批“进贤文笔”国家地理标志证明商标。

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羊毫、狼毫、紫毫;篆书、隶书、行书;点、皴、染……几千年中华文化传承,离不开一杆毛笔。

当电脑手机日益普及,作为书写工具的毛笔,在江西进贤县文港镇,年销量却超过12亿支!这个传承了1600年制笔工艺的历史名镇,以占全国毛笔市场约八成的分量,在传承千年文脉的同时,“写”出了近百亿元的文化产业。

文港镇航拍图。新华社发

千年毛笔,“写”出百亿元产业

文港毛笔源于晋、兴于唐、盛于宋,制笔工艺有1600多年的历史。明代中期,文港毛笔成为皇宫御笔,有“杆笔一两金”的说法。

近代以来,随着硬笔的兴起,尤其是电脑、手机的日益普及,毛笔逐渐淡出日常书写,文港毛笔也曾一度沉寂。为了谋生,一些文港人肩挑手提、走街串户,推销毛笔。“出门一担笔,进门一担皮”是当时文港毛笔的真实写照。

这是在文港皮毛毛笔交易市场拍摄的款式各异的毛笔。新华社记者 陈柱佐 摄

1988年,在地方政府的支持下,依托悠久的制笔工艺,文港建起皮毛毛笔交易市场,俗称“毛笔大集”,农历逢一、四、七开集。每到赶集日,选皮毛、看笔头、挑笔杆、试纸墨,现场人声鼎沸,购销两旺。

如今,交易市场内已设有800多个文房用具展位,集毛笔笔头、笔杆、油画笔等2000多款产品,年交易额9000万元,成为国内最大的毛笔交易市场。文港镇有毛笔生产企业400余家、作坊2200余家、从业人员超2.2万人,相关文化用品产业年销售收入近百亿元,产品远销美国、法国、澳大利亚、新加坡等国家和地区。

客商在文港镇皮毛毛笔交易市场选购毛笔材料。新华社发

百道工序,守住千年匠心

文港毛笔制作技艺国家级非遗代表性传承人周鹏程,今年72岁,做了60多年毛笔。

清晨,周鹏程的工作室里,一柄起毫刀在指间翻飞,轻挑毛料、匀摊压平,再将绒毫细细卷裹,覆于笔芯之上。

“羊毛取哪个部位,毛锋落在哪儿,都有讲究。上下差一毫米,写字就不听使唤。”周鹏程说,一支好毛笔,要经过选毛、脱脂、去绒、分片、切衬、捆扎、修锋等120多道工序,八成功夫要花在工艺和配方里。

材料之外,季节、温度乃至空气湿度,都影响一支笔的好坏。“人要正,心要静,这样做出的笔才是好笔。”为了传承老手艺,他还在进贤办起毛笔制作技艺传习所,免费授艺。

周鹏程在笔庄制作毛笔。新华社发(樊哲平摄)

2021年,文港毛笔制作技艺列入第五批国家级非遗代表性项目名录。2019年以来,当地新增毛笔制作高技能人才200余人,“进贤文笔”2021年获批国家地理标志证明商标。

一支新笔,“绘”就大海星辰

文港人没有困在传统毛笔的单一赛道。循着千年制笔沉淀下来的核心工艺,当地整合文笔产业资源,深挖传统文化内涵,开发出缠纸笔、胎发笔、笔中印等文创产品400余件。

电商和直播带货串联起了天南海北的传统文化爱好者。“90后”黄员珍回乡创业后专注电商赛道,加大新品研发。“平时日销5000元至1万元,开学季订单明显上浮。”她说,希望越来越多的人拿起毛笔、开笔写字,让传统文化走进更多人的日常。

毛笔品类也从狼毫、羊毫、兼毫拓展到钢笔、中性笔、油画笔,再到如今走红海外的美甲笔、化妆笔,古老的“尖、圆、齐、健”制笔标准在新的领域得以传承。

这是江西进贤(文港)文笔数智产业园内生产的美甲笔。新华社记者 陈柱佐 摄

毛笔的新生,不止在工厂车间。小镇相继建起毛笔文化、钢笔文化等博物馆和研学坊,把制笔历史和笔艺故事变成可视化、可触摸的文化场景。

许多传统村落保留了赣派古建肌理,植入研学、乡村文旅业态。游客可以走进古村、工坊,近距离感受一支毛笔的诞生,沉浸式体验传统文化。

文港人顺应时代需求,跟随市场变化,让老手艺扎根新沃土,不断抽枝发芽。一管小小的毛笔,正在新时代的征程中,持续书写属于文港人自己的崭新岁月。

策划:令伟家

统筹:刘雅萱、卓越、陶虹

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 文港镇毛笔及文创产品将继续通过电商和直播带货扩大销售

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 文港镇毛笔产业未来的具体出口规划和目标市场是什么?
  • 非遗传习所目前培养了多少学徒,后续传承计划如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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