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Back全球不知不覺走向三戰? FT示警:川普態度恐誘發習近平誤判
全球不知不覺走向三戰? FT示警:川普態度恐誘發習近平誤判
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自由时报2 hours agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

全球不知不覺走向三戰? FT示警:川普態度恐誘發習近平誤判

英國《金融時報》首席外交評論員拉契曼撰文探討大國競逐與安全承諾不確定性帶來的風險

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英國《金融時報》首席外交評論員拉契曼撰文指出,全球持續中衝突創二戰後新高,在大國競逐加劇、西方實力相對下降及美國對台安全承諾存在不確定性的背景下,國際局勢可能在誤判中逐步走向更大規模的衝突。

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Why It Matters

全球持續中衝突創二戰後新高,俄中伊朝關係日趨緊密,西方相對實力下降。

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美國海軍伯克級飛彈驅逐艦「巴里號」(USS Barry)2021年9月17日航經台灣海峽。美國對台安全承諾的可信度,是英國《金融時報》首席外交評論員拉契曼(Gideon Rachman)分析全球衝突擴大風險時關注的議題。(圖取自美國海軍)

全球區域衝突接連發生,第三次世界大戰的風險再度受到關注。英國《金融時報》(Financial Times,FT)首席外交評論員拉契曼(Gideon Rachman)17日撰文探討,當大國競逐加劇、美國對盟友及台灣的安全承諾出現不確定性,是否可能讓局勢在一連串誤判中逐步失控。

拉契曼在文中以「我們正夢遊般走向第三次世界大戰嗎?」(Are we sleepwalking into World War III?)為題,以「夢遊」比喻國際局勢可能在各方未充分察覺風險的情況下,逐步走向更大規模的衝突。他分析,世界大戰通常涉及主要強權直接交戰,且戰事跨越多個大洲,目前雖然尚未跨過這兩項門檻,但區域衝突仍可能因意外升高而擴大。

國際危機組織(International Crisis Group)統計,全球目前有65場持續中的衝突,創下第二次世界大戰結束以來新高。拉契曼認為,西方相對實力下降,也讓挑戰既有國際秩序的國家有更多冒險空間。七大工業國集團(G7)占全球國內生產毛額(GDP)的比重,已從1989年的約三分之二降至2022年的43%。

拉契曼指出,俄羅斯、中國、伊朗與北韓的關係日益緊密。俄羅斯與北韓2024年簽署共同防禦條約,中國的經濟與技術支持則協助俄羅斯承受西方制裁、持續對烏克蘭作戰。俄羅斯對支持烏克蘭的歐洲國家採取的混合戰手段,也增加意外升級的風險。

文章並以歷史為例,說明對他國防衛決心的誤判可能造成嚴重後果。1914年,德國認為英國不會因比利時中立問題參戰;1939年,希特勒則認為英法可能再次退讓。拉契曼將這些歷史案例與當前大國面臨的安全承諾問題相連結。

台海安全繫於美國承諾可信度

這項警訊也牽涉台海。拉契曼指出,中國國家主席習近平必須判斷,美國《台灣關係法》所反映的反對以武力改變台灣現狀的立場,是否仍具實質意義;俄羅斯總統普丁則必須評估北大西洋公約組織(NATO)第五條集體防禦條款是否可靠。

拉契曼也以台灣生產全球約90%最先進半導體為例,認為美國不太可能接受台灣被中國吸收。不過,川普對盟友安全承諾的態度,使美國在危機中會如何行動更難預料。當各國無法確定對方是否會履行安全承諾,誤判便可能增加衝突擴大的風險。

Open Questions

  • 美國未來對台及盟友的安全承諾是否會產生實質變動?
  • 俄中伊朝軸心是否會進一步深化軍事合作?

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