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Back德国五大经济研究机构上调德国GDP增长预测
德国五大经济研究机构上调德国GDP增长预测
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德国之声2 hours agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

德国五大经济研究机构上调德国GDP增长预测

尽管预测有所上调,但专家警告德国仍面临人口老龄化和能源成本等结构性难题

Quick Look

德国五大经济研究机构9月24日发布秋季报告,将2026年GDP增长预测上调至1.3%,2027年上调至1.1%。专家指出,尽管出口和人工智能热潮带动复苏,但德国仍受能源价格高企、人口老龄化及结构性政策不确定性等挑战困扰。

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Why It Matters

德国五大经济研究机构受联邦经济部委托,定期发布联合经济预测报告。当前德国经济正面临能源价格波动及人口老龄化带来的长期增长压力。

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(德国之声中文网)德国五大经济研究机构9月24日发布的联合秋季报告,将今年德国国内生产总值(GDP)的增长预测上调至1.3%,将2027年增长预测上调至1.1%。今年4月经济学家和政府顾问们曾预计,2026年GDP仅增长0.6%,2027年增长0.9%。

哈勒经济研究所的经济预测主管霍尔特默勒(Oliver Holtemöller)表示,目前德国经济状况“并不像公众情绪反映得那么糟糕”,企业和消费者都需要增强信心。他在解释上调2026年和2027年经济增长预测时表示,“经济发展比预期的要好”。

经济学家们表示,今年上半年,出口和制造业产出都出现了出人意料的强劲增长。“主要推动力来自稳健的全球经济以及席卷全球的人工智能热潮。”

与此同时,德国政府通过举债融资扩大基础设施和国防投资的扩张性财政政策,也为经济复苏提供了支撑。

复苏仍显疲弱 结构性难题待解

不过,霍尔特默勒也提到,德国目前的“增长势头并不强劲”。由于能源价格高企和结构性问题,经济复苏的基础较为薄弱。

各机构预计2028年经济增长率仅为0.4%。基尔世界经济研究所的库斯(Stefan Kooths)表示,当前的问题主要是结构性的,因此改革势在必行。

库斯批评道,政府不应该每个季度都推出改革方案,然后又撤销。他表示,当前德国政府不明朗的经济政策加剧了德国整体经济疲软的局面。

这份联合经济预测报告的标题是《经济复苏伴随结构性问题:财政政策误入歧途》。这一报告受德国联邦经济部委托,由慕尼黑Ifo经济研究所、柏林德国经济研究所(DIW)、埃森莱布尼茨经济研究所(RWI)、基尔世界经济研究所(IfW)以及哈勒经济研究所(IWH)联合编制。

德国面临两大挑战

霍尔特默勒表示,德国面临两大挑战,人口老龄化和能源成本上涨,如果政府不解决这些问题,情况不太可能好转。

许多经济学家担心,若缺乏可持续的结构性改革,那么通过新增债务支持基础设施和国防支出的做法,只会带来短暂的经济刺激效果。

霍尔特默勒指出,仅仅由于人口老龄化等人口结构因素,德国未来中长期的经济增速就将不可避免地放缓。

Open Questions

  • 政府是否会采纳经济学家的结构性改革建议?
  • 2028年经济增长放缓的预期是否会引发政策调整?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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