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BackIMF警告:債務和通膨風險惡化 債殖利率恐「無序」飆升
IMF警告:債務和通膨風險惡化 債殖利率恐「無序」飆升
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

IMF警告:債務和通膨風險惡化 債殖利率恐「無序」飆升

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國際貨幣基金組織警告,隨著通膨上升、債務增加及AI相關借款壓力,政府債券殖利率可能無序上漲。報告指出,高債務負擔使債券市場易受財政與通膨衝擊,AI公司借貸激增與主權債券爭奪資金,且對沖基金持有美債比例上升,若AI商業化受質疑,將導致資產縮水、債務還款困難與收入承諾落空的三重打擊。

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Why It Matters

IMF在泰國曼谷舉辦的IMF-世銀年會中發布《全球金融穩定報告》,警告主權債券風險惡化。報告指出,全球公共債務接近二戰以來最高水準,AI公司借貸呈指數級增長,對沖基金持有美債比例從2022年的4%升至2025年的9%。

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IMF警告,隨著債務和通膨風險惡化,政府債券殖利率可能會「無序」上漲。(路透資料照)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕國際貨幣基金週二(13日)警告,由於通膨上升、債務增加以及AI相關借款給主權債市場帶來壓力,政府債券殖利率可能會「無序」上漲。

《CNBC》報導,受中東衝突導致能源成本上漲,以及各國央行為遏制通膨反彈而收緊貨幣政策的預期影響,多個已開發經濟體的政府債券殖利率已攀升至數十年來最高。

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IMF在最新的《全球金融穩定報告》中警告,主權債券風險可能會惡化,並警告,主權債殖利率將「急遽上升」。這份報告在週二發布,是本週在泰國曼谷所舉行IMF-世銀年會的一部份。超過1.8萬名代表齊聚一堂,討論世界經濟和金融體系的狀況。

報告指出,高債務負擔和展延風險使債券市場更容易受到頻繁的財政和通膨衝擊。IMF上週警告,全球公共債務已接近二戰以來最高,即將超過GDP的100%。

IMF週二表示,基於主權債券市場的基礎重要性,影響可能十分嚴重。殖利率急遽上升會透過更高的貼現率降低資產價值,包括AI相關資產的價值,並削弱作為抵押品的政府債券的價值。

IMF也指出,AI公司借貸呈指數級成長,與主權債券爭奪投資人需求,這對債券市場構成了額外的壓力。報告稱,自2024年以來,超大規模資料中心在全由投資等級債券發行中佔額已從不到1%升至10%。

全球AI建設浪潮中,包括Alphabet旗下的Google、Meta等科技巨頭、超大規模資料中心和AI實驗室在內,今年已舉債數千億美元。

IMF提到,對沖基金不斷增加公債持有量,使市場容易出現「無序崩盤」。IMF引述聯準會數據稱,對沖基金持有的美債從2022年的約4%,2025年上升至約9%,這主要是透過高套利策略所實現。

IMF對AI公司之間錯綜複雜的「循環」交易發出警告,自2023年以來,14筆公開揭露的交易將約3000億美元(約新台幣9.67兆元)的資產注入財務狀況較弱的AI公司,同時也增加了6500億美元(約新台幣20.96兆元)的債務。IMF表示,作為交換,投資人透過服務或晶片訂單獲得1.4兆美元(約新台幣45.16兆元)的「未來收入承諾」。

IMF貨幣和資本市場部助理主任在記者會上表示,這些協議特別之處在於收入承諾,與過往的交易不同,因此具有循環性。但如果AI商業化存在疑問,資產投資的價值將會縮水,債務償還也可能變得困難,未來的收入承諾也將無法實現,將是「三重打擊」。

報告指出,如果這麼大的資金和收入承諾集中在少數幾家AI公司,在這種集中性下,某些公司和節點將格外容易受到影響,如果這些實體出現問題,那麼這種循環性就會對市場構成風險。

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What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 若AI商業化進展不如預期,主權債券殖利率將在未來數月內出現波動性上漲

    Likely · Within months

  • 對沖基金持有美債的比例將繼續上升,除非監管介入或市場波動劇增

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • AI公司未來收入承諾能否兌現具體時間表是什麼?
  • 若債券殖利率無序上漲,各國財政空間將受到多大程度的擠壓?
  • 對沖基金的高套利策略在何種市場條件下會觸發系統性風險?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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