Indian filmmaker Shaunak Sen on his new pollution and cancer documentary

New Delhi: Indian filmmaker Shaunak Sen's new documentary began as a "coping" mechanism after a shock cancer diagnosis, but continues the motifs of environmental degradation and caregiving that drove his previous work.

Sen's "All That Breathes", which follows two brothers running a largely self-funded clinic for birds falling victim to Delhi's polluted air, won top documentary prizes at Sundance and Cannes in 2022 and was nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 2023 Oscars.

"It became a kind of coping strategy, or a way to deal or dissociate or displace the terror of what you've just been told," Sen, 39, told AFP about his as-yet-untitled project, in an interview from his home in New Delhi.

The diagnosis brought home "the same risks" that make hundreds of birds fall every year from New Delhi's throat-burning polluted skies -- this time on "my own body", Sen said.

"Whenever you ask most oncologists why this happened, or why this current giant spike in cancer rates is occurring, a lot of them would talk about environmental factors like toxins or chemicals or the air," he said.

New Delhi and its sprawling metropolitan region of 30 million residents is regularly ranked among the world's most polluted capitals, due to a mix of emissions from power plants, heavy traffic and the burning of rubbish and crops.

A 2024 study in The Lancet Planetary Health estimated that 3.8 million deaths in India between 2009 and 2019 were linked to air pollution.

"I did not want to make something that was solipsistically inwards folding," he said.

It echoes his documentary "All That Breathes", where caregiving is at the emotional core of the film.

"What I loved in a surgeon was the ability to completely lose yourself, to be immersed in the absolute present," he said.

"That feels meditative and contemplative. It's a kind of melting away of everything extraneous, and you're in the pinprick of the moment."

The film is also about Sen's relationship with New Delhi, where he grew up, went to school and university, and the setting for all his work.

"In this case, the wallpaper is doing things to me, and I'm kind of reacting to it -- through a more personalised lens than I ever have."

His 2016 debut documentary, "Cities of Sleep", examined the city's homeless population through the lens of sleep, following them in their quest for a safe place to rest.

Sen is also heading to the Toronto International Film Festival in September to screen "Termite", his first fiction short, about two Delhi termite exterminators.

"Time rewards you with accidents, but in this case, it would be really silly and self-congratulatory for me to say that, 'I gave this film time.'"

Shooting the film, he said, was a "way to not look directly at a scary thing", and "to aesthetically convert it into a project, so that you don't have to stare it in the grim eyes of what it actually is".