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BackNASA「雨燕」衛星劃過印尼上空 22倍音速墜大氣層焚毀
NASA「雨燕」衛星劃過印尼上空 22倍音速墜大氣層焚毀
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自由时报11 minutes agoSpace2 min readChinaView translation

NASA「雨燕」衛星劃過印尼上空 22倍音速墜大氣層焚毀

Quick Look

NASA服役22年的雨燕太空卫星望远镜于4日以约22倍音速坠入印度尼西亚上空大气层燃烧殆尽。该天文台耗资5亿美元、重1.5吨,2004年升空,原定寿命2年,最终超标服役22年,观测伽玛射线暴等罕见天文现象,催生约7000篇科学论文。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

雨燕天文台于2004年升空,原定设计寿命仅2年,最终服役22年,专门观测宇宙中威力最强的伽玛射线暴,记录数千次超新星爆发与黑洞吞噬恒星等罕见天文异象,催生约7000篇科学论文。卫星未配置推进系统,近年受强烈太阳活动影响轨道高度不断衰减。

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探索宇宙極限爆炸長達22年的「雨燕」天文台,日前已墜入大氣層燃燒殆盡。圖為2004年「雨燕」在佛州進行升空前整備。(法新社)

美國國家航空暨太空總署(NASA)服役長達22年的「雨燕」(Swift)太空衛星望遠鏡,在救援任務宣告失敗後,週三(4日)以約22倍音速墜入印尼上空大氣層,在烈火中燃燒殆盡。

綜合外媒報導,這座耗資5億美元、重達1.5噸的天文台於2004年升空,原定設計壽命僅有2年,最終超標服役達22年。「雨燕」專門觀測宇宙中威力最強的伽瑪射線暴,更記錄數千次超新星爆發與黑洞吞噬恆星等罕見天文異象,催生了約7000篇科學論文。

「雨燕」本身未配置推進系統,近年受強烈太陽活動影響,軌道高度不斷衰減。NASA今年7月曾委託民營太空新創發射特製救援太空船,試圖在太空中攔截並將其推升至安全軌道,未料該救援載具升空後失控自旋並於9月墜毀,讓當局不得不放棄搶救。

根據NASA說法,美國太空軍證實「雨燕」於美東時間4日上午7點39分(台灣時間4日晚間8時39分)重返大氣層,當時該衛星以約22倍音速劃過印尼北蘇門答臘省上空的高層大氣,位置約在赤道以北322公里處。

NASA表示,原本就預計重返大氣層時產生的摩擦熱會在遠高於地表處將大部分衛星焚毀,僅有少數碎片能在墜落中殘存,目前未有墜落碎片造成地面受損或人員受傷的通報。太空軍早前計算過對人口稠密區構成的風險極低,估計地球上任何人受到傷害的機率僅為2100分之1。

報導也提到,1990年發射升空的哈伯太空望遠鏡(Hubble)同樣正面臨太陽風暴削弱軌道的威脅,最新評估顯示若不加干預,恐將在2030年代中期步入墜毀厄運。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 哈伯太空望远镜若不加干预,将在2030年代中期步入坠毁厄运

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • NASA委托的民营太空新创名称未披露
  • 救援太空船失控自旋的具体原因未说明
  • 少数残存碎片的最终落点未披露

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