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BackOECD警告公債殖利率飆升成各國財政重大隱患
OECD警告公債殖利率飆升成各國財政重大隱患
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

OECD警告公債殖利率飆升成各國財政重大隱患

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OECD指出,隨利息償付占政府支出比重上升,公債殖利率飆升已成為各國公共財政的「重大隱患」,呼籲各國控制支出並提高效率。G7成員國10年期公債平均殖利率升至4%,為2008年以來首見。IIF報告顯示2026年上半年全球債務總額達365兆美元新高,政府債務超過110兆美元。儘管AI相關投資助經濟成長,但美伊衝突及能源價格仍構成下行風險。

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Why It Matters

文章指出,自金融危機以來,全球各國債務在GDP占比持續攀升。近期因能源價格波動、地緣政治衝突及財政寬鬆政策,公共財政壓力加大,導致主權債券殖利率上升。OECD與IIF皆發布報告警告債務可持續性風險。

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經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)今天表示,隨利息償付占政府支出的比重不斷上升,公債殖利率飆升已成為各國公共財政的「重大隱患」,呼籲各國控制支出。

英國「金融時報」報導,OECD首席經濟學家史卡佩塔(Stefano Scarpetta)表示,各國政府借貸成本拉高,部分原因出在市場對公共財政穩健度的疑慮。總部位於巴黎的OECD警告,許多成員國正面臨「日益迫切的財政挑戰」。

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OECD在最新發布的臨時經濟展望裡指出,愈來愈多政府採取財政干預措施,試圖壓低消費者和企業的能源成本,但這些措施只有約一半能精準針對目標對象,反而進一步加重公共財政壓力。

今年七大工業國(G7)成員的10年期指標公債平均殖利率已升至4%,為2008年以來首見。美國與伊朗的戰爭和隨之而來的能源價格飆升,助長債券遭拋售,反映投資人對通膨升高的憂慮。

借款成本上升,加上富裕國家政府發債規模創下紀錄,推升債務償付成本,令決策者感到憂心。

史卡佩塔告訴金融時報:「債券殖利率上升是一重大隱憂。」

他表示自金融危機以來,隨全球經濟接連遭受各種衝擊,各國的債務在GDP占比一路攀升,「在債務占GDP比率已處於非常高水準之際,債務償付成本還會增加」。

OECD在臨時經濟展望表示,各國政府將需「付出更大努力」來「控制並重新分配」支出,同時提高公共部門效率,以確保「債務的長期可持續性」,並讓決策者有能力因應未來的衝擊。

另一份由國際金融協會(IIF)今天發布的報告指出,2026年上半年,全球家庭、企業及政府債務總額攀升至365兆美元的新高,高於一年前的347兆,其中政府債務超過110兆美元。

IIF表示,若以全球經濟產出占比衡量,整體債務比率已從疫情期間的高峰回落,主要是因為通膨升高,「但這看似良性的表象,卻掩蓋債務償付成本更大幅度的上升」。

IIF還說過去一年,已開發經濟體為國際市場交易的債券支付超過3.5兆美元利息,高於2.6兆美元的AI支出、3.1兆美元的國防支出以及3.4兆美元的能源支出。

在借款成本居高不下之際,各國愈來愈依賴短期債券,因為短期債券的殖利率通常低於長期債券。預計美國明年將發行高達1兆美元的短期國庫券,也就是期限在12個月以內的借款;這個數字不包括為償還到期債務而籌措的資金。

但這也會使債務成本對利率上升更敏感,因為較高的市場殖利率會更快反映在利息支出上。

擺脫債務壓力的方法之一是提高經濟成長。OECD表示,目前與人工智慧(AI)相關的投資和貿易正幫助全球經濟以優於預期的表現抵禦中東衝突帶來的石油衝擊。

OECD表示,20國集團(G20)經濟體今年將成長3.1%,比6月的預測高出0.1個百分點,預計2027年全球經濟將以相近的3%速度持續成長。

不過許多分析師警告,隨國際原油價格徘徊在每桶100美元附近,且美伊戰事仍看不到終點,全球經濟產出可能面臨更大衝擊。

OECD預測,G20國家通膨率將從去年的3.4%升至4.1%,目前超過一半的G20國家通膨率高於自家央行設定的目標。(編譯:陳亦偉)1150924

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 各國將在未來12個月內加緊財政緊縮措施,以控制債務償付成本

    Likely · Within months

  • 美國將在明年發行高達1兆美元的短期國庫券以應對融資需求

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 各國是否具備財政空間進一步刺激經濟以應對衝擊?
  • AI相關投資能否持續提升生產力以抵消債務增長?
  • 美伊衝突若升級,對全球能源市場及通膨的具體影響為何?

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