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Back山下貴司法相、SNS誹謗中傷対策の民法不法行為見直し研究会を30日に開催
山下貴司法相、SNS誹謗中傷対策の民法不法行為見直し研究会を30日に開催
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時事通信1 hour agoLaw2 min readJapanView translation

山下貴司法相、SNS誹謗中傷対策の民法不法行為見直し研究会を30日に開催

Quick Look

山下貴司法相は29日の記者会見で、SNSでの誹謗中傷による人格権侵害の深刻化を受け、民法の不法行為法制を見直す研究会を30日に開催すると発表した。慰謝料の引き上げや差し止め請求の要件明確化、未成年者への不法行為の時効論点などを議論する。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

民法第709条は1896年の民法制定以来ほとんど変更されておらず、故意または過失による他人の権利侵害に対する損害賠償責任を規定している。近年、SNSの普及により肖像権や声の権利を含む人格権侵害が問題となっているが、裁判での慰謝料が被害に比べて低いとの指摘がある。

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山下貴司法相は29日の記者会見で、民法が定める不法行為法制の見直しに関する研究会の初会合を30日に開催すると発表した。SNSで誹謗(ひぼう)中傷によるプライバシーなど人格権の侵害が深刻化していることを踏まえ、慰謝料の引き上げや差し止め請求の要件明確化を議論。未成年者への不法行為に対する損害賠償請求の時効も論点となる見通しだ。

自民・英利氏を中傷容疑 ビラ投函の71歳男を逮捕―千葉県警

山下氏は「司法判断の実情を踏まえ、法制度としてどのような対応が考えられるか、多角的に検討する」と語った。

民法709条は「故意か過失によって他人の権利を侵害した者は、損害を賠償する責任を負う」と規定。法務省によると、関連条文は1896年の民法制定時から大きく変わってはいない。近年、インターネット上で肖像権や声の権利を含む人格権侵害が問題となっているが、裁判をしても被害に比べて慰謝料が低く「救済が十分ではない」との指摘があった。

通常、慰謝料は過去の判例を参考に裁判所の裁量で決定される。研究会では被害の内容や行為の悪質性など、考慮すべき事項を法律に明記することが検討課題となる。

一方、差し止めは民法に規定がなく、どのような場合に請求できるのか不明確だ。このため、判例を踏まえて差し止めが可能な要件を整理する方向。死亡後の人格権保護も議論する。

生命、身体への侵害に対する損害賠償請求権の時効は5年。未成年が性被害を受けた場合、事実を打ち明けられるようになるまで時間がかかるケースが少なくない。刑事訴訟法は2023年の改正で、未成年の性犯罪被害者が成年になるまでの期間を時効に算入しないとしており、研究会ではこれを参考に議論する見通しだ。

研究会は民法の専門家や弁護士、裁判官ら10人で構成し、座長には山本敬三早稲田大教授が就く。月1回程度のペースで開催。法務省は研究会の意見がまとまれば、法制審議会に諮問する方針だ。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 研究会が具体的な法改正案をまとめ、法制審議会に諮問される

    Likely · Within months

  • 未成年者への不法行為の時効について、刑事訴訟法の改正を参考にした議論が行われる

    Very likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 慰謝料の引き上げ幅はどの程度になるか
  • 差し止め請求の要件はどのように明確化されるか
  • 未成年者への不法行為の時効はどのように扱われるか
  • 研究会の議論が実際の法改正にどのように反映されるか

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