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Back歐盟控TikTok「兔子洞」演算法危害兒童 祭重罰逼修改設計
歐盟控TikTok「兔子洞」演算法危害兒童 祭重罰逼修改設計
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自由时报3 hours agoTech2 min readChinaView translation

歐盟控TikTok「兔子洞」演算法危害兒童 祭重罰逼修改設計

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歐盟警告TikTok,其「為你推薦」個人化推薦系統設計對兒童及心理脆弱使用者有害,違反數位服務法,若不修改將面臨最高全球年度總營業額6%的罰款。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

歐盟今年2月已要求TikTok修改其「具成癮性」的功能設計,7月再次指控該公司導致兒童暴露於網路霸凌及誘騙侵害等風險。7月歐盟也依據「數位服務法」要求Meta修改臉書與Instagram的「成癮性設計」。

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歐盟6日警告熱門短影音平台TikTok,其個人化動態消息推送系統「為你推薦」(For You)的設計,對兒童及心理脆弱的個人「有害」,若不修改這項違反歐盟數位內容規範的設計,將面臨高達其全球年度總營業額6%的鉅額罰款。

法新社報導,TikTok的推薦系統會根據使用者先前的互動紀錄,持續推送內容類似的影片。歐盟指控,TikTok的演算法造成有害的「兔子洞」(rabbit holes)效應(指越陷越深),在某些情況下甚至會引導使用者接觸更危險的內容,已違反歐盟的「數位服務法」(DSA)。

歐盟執委會表示,當使用者與某一類型的內容互動越多,TikTok的「為你推薦」動態消息演算法就越會推薦類似內容。這種設計造成使用者接觸的內容若是與憂鬱、孤獨或身體形象等議題有關,反覆接觸可能造成傷害。歐盟更發現,即使使用者明確告知TikTok不喜歡某些內容,該平台的演算法仍會持續推薦類似影片。

歐盟表示,雖然TikTok已做出若干微調來降低風險,但成效不彰,必須對系統設計做出更大幅度的改變。執委會提出數項具體的修改建議,包括:

加重考量使用者的明確喜好表達:歐盟發現應用程式內的「不感興趣」按鍵,「似不足以改變推播內容」;

停用「觀看時間」作為指標:不應再以此作為推薦內容的依據;

強化使用者控制:讓使用者更容易找到及操作控制功能,並定期測試其演算法。

對此,TikTok發言人反駁稱,TikTok在保護社群方面有著良好紀錄,同時賦予使用者對其內容體驗直接且直觀的控制權,歐盟的聲明「扭曲了我們平台的架構,以及我們對使用者安全的承諾」。

這項最新要求是歐盟打擊數位巨擘、保護兒童免受網路危害的連串行動之一。今年2月,歐盟已要求TikTok修改其「具成癮性」的功能設計;7月,歐盟再次指控該公司導致兒童暴露於網路霸凌及誘騙侵害等風險。一名歐盟高階官員透露,2月的調查著重於通知等功能,6日的指控則直指演算法本身,坦言歐盟正瞄準TikTok以「使用者參與度」(engagement)為基礎的商業模式。

初步調查結果顯示,歐盟認為TikTok未能「充分評估」其推薦演算法如何危及使用者的心理健康,擔憂反覆接觸特定內容可能導致「憂鬱或焦慮感增加、對身體不滿、自尊心低落,或惡化現有的飲食失調問題」。

一旦歐盟監管機構的指控最終成立,執委會將可對TikTok處以高達其全球年度總營業額6%的罰款。除了TikTok,歐盟今年7月也依據「數位服務法」,要求Meta修改臉書(Facebook)與Instagram的「成癮性設計」。這些社群平台在美國也面臨類似的嚴格審查與訴訟挑戰。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • TikTok將被要求對推薦系統進行重大設計修改,否則將面臨罰款

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • TikTok是否會採納歐盟提出的具體修改建議
  • 罰款具體金額將如何計算
  • TikTok是否會對歐盟的指控提出法律上訴

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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