US Treasury Increases Debt Buybacks Amid Federal Reserve Inflation Policy Debate

The US treasury is doubling its buyback of government debt in an effort to balance out the bond market as officials at the US Federal Reserve remain divided over how to deal with high inflation.

The yield rate on 10-year, 20-year and 30-year treasury notes all hit 20-year highs this week, with the 30-year treasury yield rising to its highest rate since 2007. The rapid rise was concerning news for borrowers as major loans, including mortgages, are backed by treasuries.

Yields dropped after the treasury department’s announcement on Wednesday morning. The agency said the policy “reflects treasury’s desire to provide greater liquidity support” to the long-term bond market.

Meanwhile, minutes from the Fed’s latest board meeting in July were released Wednesday and showed ongoing division in the central bank on how to combat inflation.

Some members believe interest rates will need to go up soon if inflation doesn’t come down toward the Fed’s 2% target rate. Though a majority of the board’s voting members agreed to keep rates unchanged, three had indicated they would want rates to go up. Rates currently sit at a range of 3.5% to 3.75%.

“Many participants assessed that policy tightening would likely be necessary if inflation did not decline,” the minutes said. “Some participants commented that financial conditions might not currently be sufficiently restrictive to facilitate a return of inflation to 2 percent.”

Wednesday’s announcement from the treasury department follows the Trump administration’s intervention to prop up the yen in a partnership with the Japanese government, which owns a large holding of US treasuries.

Investors appeared spooked after the two-month ceasefire between the US and Iran expired on Monday, with no resolution in sight. On Tuesday, Donald Trump said that there are currently no scheduled peace talks between the US and Iran. Earlier in the week, he threatened to bomb Oman if it “gets in the way” of the US in the conflict.

Inflation has proved persistent during the volatile war with Iran. Last week, new data showed the annualized US inflation rate was 3.4% in July – down from a three-year high of 4.2% in May, but nearly 1% higher than 2025 rates.

Much of the price increases were reflected in oil prices, which have dipped down from their peak in March but still remain higher than prewar levels. Earlier this week, AAA said oil prices this month were on track to be the highest ever recorded for August, with gas costing $4.08 a gallon, about $1 more than last year.

Stocks were up slightly on Wednesday after the treasury’s announcement. Despite rising prices, the US stock market has remained steadfast in unfettered growth amid a boom in AI investment. Last week, the S&P 500 closed at yet another record high, though the market remains volatile.

Rising prices will continue to put pressure on the US Federal Reserve to intervene with higher interest rates, which would help price increases go down to the Fed’s target level. But economists within the central bank are under continued pressure from the White House to lower rates.