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BackWindowsのUnified MemoryでGPU割り当てをカスタマイズ可能な機能をテスト中、AI処理のメモリ需要に対応
WindowsのUnified MemoryでGPU割り当てをカスタマイズ可能な機能をテスト中、AI処理のメモリ需要に対応
Developing
ITmedia3 hours agoTech2 min readJapanView translation

WindowsのUnified MemoryでGPU割り当てをカスタマイズ可能な機能をテスト中、AI処理のメモリ需要に対応

Quick Look

MicrosoftはWindows Insider ProgramのExperimental ChannelでBuild 29648.1000において、Unified MemoryからGPUへの専用割り当て量をカスタマイズできる機能をテストしている。これはAI処理のメモリ需要増加に対応するもので、AMD Ryzen AI Max+などのAPUではVGM(Variable Graphics Memory)によりDedicated GPU Memoryを最大96GBまで拡張可能。残りのメモリはCPUと共有メモリに均等に割り当てられ、Windowsの基本的なメモリ管理原則は維持される。

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Why It Matters

WindowsではメモリはCPU Reserved Memory、Shared GPU Memory、Dedicated GPU Memoryの3つに分類される。Dedicated GPU MemoryはGPUが占有できるメモリで、ディスクリートGPUのVRAMまたはiGPUにおけるメインメモリからの割り当てに該当する。Shared GPU MemoryはCPUとGPUが共有し、用途に応じて割当量を変更可能。

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先日、MicrosoftがWindowsにおいてUnified MemoryのGPUへの割当量をカスタマイズできる機能をテスト中だというトピックを紹介したが、これは昨今急増するAI処理のメモリ需要に対応するものだ。

記事中で触れたXユーザーのXeno氏の一連の投稿を見る限り、Windows Insider ProgramのExperimental Channel(Future Platforms)で配信されている「Build 29648.1000」上で確認された設定項目であり、設定変更後の数値から勘案するに、いわゆるGPUへの優先割り当てが行われる「Dedicated GPU Memory」に該当する設定項目なのだと判断できる。

Windowsにおいて、メモリは「CPU Reserved Memory」「Shared GPU Memory」「Dedicated GPU Memory」の3つのカテゴリーに分類される。Dedicated GPU MemoryはGPUが占有できるメモリで、GPUカードなどに搭載されたメモリの場合はそれが該当し、あるいは例えばiGPUのようにCPUと一体化した構造の場合にメインメモリの一定量がDedicated GPU Memoryとして割り当てられ、画面描画などに用いられる。

こうして予約分のメモリを除外した後、その約半分ずつがCPU Reserved MemoryとShared Memoryにそれぞれ割り当てられる。

前者はCPU専用メモリで、後者のShared GPU MemoryはCPUとGPUが共用し、適宜用途に応じて割当量を変更する形で利用する。Shared GPU Memoryがメインメモリの半分程度となっているのは、CPUの安定動作のためでWindowsの基本的な仕様……というのは前回の記事での解説だ。

使用量が変動するShared GPU Memory内でのGPUの割り当て量だが、逆にGPUの安定動作のためにDedicated GPU Memoryの割当量を増やすという機能を持つプロセッサがある。

例えば「AMD Ryzen AI Max+」のようなAPUの場合、Unified Memoryの領域を使って「VGM(Variable Graphics Memory)」という機能が利用できる。これは主にAI用途を想定してDedicated GPU Memoryをカスタマイズする機能で、「FAQs: AMD Variable Graphics Memory, VRAM, AI Model Sizes, Quantization, MCP and More!」にある例でいえば、128GBのUnified Memoryを持つシステムで本来は512MBだったDedicated GPU Memoryの割り当てが、カスタマイズ後は96GBがそれに割り当てられ、残りの32GBをCPUとSharedでそれぞれ16GBずつ割り振る形となる。

ここで分かるのは、Unified MemoryをDedicated GPU Memoryに割り当てた場合、残りのメモリがメインメモリとして処理され、前述のWindowsの基本的な動作である「CPUとSharedで50%ずつ」という形で分割されていることだ。基本的にはVGMのような機能でもその原則は変わらないようだ。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • この機能は今後のWindowsアップデートで一般チャネルに展開される

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • この機能はいつ一般ユーザー向けにリリースされるか
  • 他のAPUメーカー(インテルなど)でも同様の機能が計画されているか
  • カスタマイズ可能なDedicated GPU Memoryの上限はハードウェアによってどのように決まるか

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This article was originally published by ITmedia.

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