Xi Jinping Meets Iran's President Pezeshkian at Regional Summit

China's President Xi Jinping gave his Iranian counterpart Masoud Pezeshkian a brief, low-profile audience at a regional security summit, signaling Beijing's calibrated approach toward Tehran just weeks ahead of Xi's planned trip to Washington.

The two leaders met for several minutes on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Kyrgyzstan on Tuesday, according to Iranian state media. The gathering brought together leaders of the 10-member bloc, including Russian President Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

The semi-official Mehr News Agency said that the Xi-Pezeshkian meeting focused on "bilateral ties in line with strengthening relations between Tehran and Beijing," without offering further detail.

That contrasted with Beijing's approach of keeping the meeting out of public view.

Chinese state media, including the Communist Party's flagship newspaper, People's Daily, gave extensive coverage to Xi's encounters with other visiting leaders on Tuesday, but made no mention of the meeting with Pezeshkian. Modi, by contrast, published photos of his meeting with the Iranian leader.

"Xi is keeping Iran at arm's length publicly while still maintaining contact privately," said Han Shen Lin, managing director for Greater China at the Asia Group, a Washington-based strategic-advisory firm.

The SCO leaders in a joint statement condemned the military strikes on Iran, while backing member states' right to civilian nuclear development under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The statement stopped short of committing members to any concrete military or economic support.

The absence of Xi-Pezeshkian coverage from the state newspaper's front page reinforces the view that Beijing is "carefully managing optics," Lin said. China is seeking to preserve its strategic relationship with Tehran without signaling that it is siding with the country, he said, particularly ahead of Xi's planned meeting with President Trump later this month.

China has been the largest buyer of Iran's sanctioned oil exports, but those flows through the Strait of Hormuz have fallen sharply since the war began, as Beijing slashed imports, tapping into its massive reserves.

The Chinese embassy in Singapore did not respond to request for comment.

It remains uncertain whether Beijing will give the relationship a higher public profile once Xi's Washington visit is behind him.

Underlying the muted treatment may be a more pointed frustration, said Alfredo Montufar-Helu, Beijing-based managing director at Ankura China Advisors.

Beijing has been consistent in what it wants from Tehran: an end to the conflict and the Strait of Hormuz reopened — while Iran's leadership has largely moved in the opposite direction, Montufar-Helu said. "This is Beijing signaling some real dissatisfaction with Tehran."

Still, Montufar-Helu cautioned against reading too much into the cooler public posture, saying that the fact that Xi had even an informal conversation on the sidelines shows Beijing is keeping the door open.