Breaking
GLOBAL'Serious incident' at tiger enclosure closes Yorkshire Wildlife ParkSEAIK fell 5–6 in a historic match against BPFRThe triumph of Paul Seixas, winner of his first Monument in the Tour of LombardyBRFour men die during police intervention in Canindé, CearáBRSuspect of attempted murder dies after confrontation with police in Santana, AmapáINTLBlast reported at Saudi Arabia's Riyadh airportRUThousands of German residents protested against MerzCNJi Guangyang's rival "Princess" wore a national flag bikini and posted a post that exceeded 5,000 likes in 4 hoursBRAccident on BR-393, in RJ, leaves five dead and nine injuredESMarc Márquez wins the sprint and takes the lead from Jorge MartínGLOBAL'Serious incident' at tiger enclosure closes Yorkshire Wildlife ParkSEAIK fell 5–6 in a historic match against BPFRThe triumph of Paul Seixas, winner of his first Monument in the Tour of LombardyBRFour men die during police intervention in Canindé, CearáBRSuspect of attempted murder dies after confrontation with police in Santana, AmapáINTLBlast reported at Saudi Arabia's Riyadh airportRUThousands of German residents protested against MerzCNJi Guangyang's rival "Princess" wore a national flag bikini and posted a post that exceeded 5,000 likes in 4 hoursBRAccident on BR-393, in RJ, leaves five dead and nine injuredESMarc Márquez wins the sprint and takes the lead from Jorge Martín
NewsgatherNewsgather
All StoriesWorldSportsFinanceTechScience
Sign In
All StoriesWorldSportsFinanceTechScienceHealthCultureClimatePoliticsSpace
NewsgatherNewsgather

Real-time global news intelligence. Curated by humans, powered by data.

Sections

All StoriesWorldSportsFinanceTechScience

More

HealthCultureClimatePoliticsSpace

Company

AboutEditorial StandardsAdvertisingCareersPressContact

©️ 2026 Newsgather. A product by All Software 24. All rights reserved.

Privacy PolicyCookie PolicyImprintTerms of UseContent and Editorial PolicyRemoval RequestDelete Your AccountAdvertising PolicyContact
Back|一问到底丨最强厄尔尼诺来了,如何影响全球气候?
一问到底丨最强厄尔尼诺来了,如何影响全球气候?
Developing
中国新闻网·1 hour ago·Environment·7 min read·🇨🇳China·

一问到底丨最强厄尔尼诺来了,如何影响全球气候?

此次事件发展速度快、强度强,预计将成为有系统性监测以来最强厄尔尼诺事件

Quick Look

中国气象局国家气候中心确认,一次东部型超强厄尔尼诺事件已于9月形成。该事件预计将成为有系统性监测以来最强,其通过改变全球大气环流,可能引发全球范围内的极端天气,包括干旱、暴雨及气温异常。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

厄尔尼诺是赤道中东太平洋海温异常升温现象,通过影响沃克环流搅动全球大气。此次事件在今年9月正式形成,预计在秋末冬初达到峰值。

Font size

近日,“超强厄尔尼诺已形成”的话题冲上了热搜。记者从中国气象局国家气候中心了解到,一次“东部型超强厄尔尼诺事件”已于今年9月正式形成。此次事件发展速度快、强度强,预计将成为有系统性监测以来最强厄尔尼诺事件。面对这些说法,不少人也产生了疑问:赤道太平洋的海水升温,为什么会牵动远方的天气?厄尔尼诺来了,今年冬天会更暖吗?明年夏天会更热吗?暴雨、台风、干旱是不是也都归因于它?

厄尔尼诺为什么会让太平洋“发热”?

太平洋一片海域升温,世界各地的天气都要跟着“变脸”,所以,厄尔尼诺也一直被认为是太平洋里的“气候遥控器”。那么,这次的“超强厄尔尼诺”是什么意思呢?

你可以把它理解成太平洋“发高烧”:赤道中东太平洋大片海域的海水异常升温,这团“热水”搅动了全球大气,让世界各地的天气都跟着“乱了套”。

暖水与信风:厄尔尼诺发生时海气联动

正常情况下,太平洋像一盆摆动的洗澡水:热带中东太平洋表面盛行东北信风和东南信风,在信风作用下,太平洋表面的暖海水在西部堆积,导致西太平洋海温升高、对流活跃,而南美洲沿岸受上涌冷水影响为下沉气流,这种西太平洋上升、东太平洋下沉的纬圈环流在气象学上称为沃克环流。

但当厄尔尼诺发生时,相当于突然有外力把水盆往反方向倾斜——信风减弱导致出现异常西风,西太平洋暖池的暖水顺势回流到中东太平洋,南美洲沿岸本该偏冷的洗澡水变得异常温暖,引发沃克环流减弱,这种失衡会引发连锁反应。

本该下雨的东南亚出现干旱,本该干燥的南美却暴雨成灾。鱼群不适应中东太平洋过高的海温会大量死亡,秘鲁的渔民就无鱼可捕了。这些渔民发现每隔2至7年,厄尔尼诺就会出现一次,而且圣诞节前后对捕鱼的影响最明显,就把这个现象称做“厄尔尼诺”,也就是圣婴的意思。

1972至1973年,秘鲁渔业突发大崩溃,全球一些地方因干旱严重导致粮食大量减产、河流干涸、水资源匮乏,而另一些地方发生特大暴雨和致灾洪水。当时气象学家对全球一系列的气候异常同时出现惊愕不已,却不知道这原来是一次强厄尔尼诺事件在作祟。

厄尔尼诺如同太平洋的“流感”,虽源于赤道中东太平洋海洋,却能搅动全球风雨。

最强厄尔尼诺事件到底有多强?

气象专家表示,目前这轮厄尔尼诺事件已在今年9月正式形成,预计将成为有系统性监测以来最强厄尔尼诺事件。“史上最强”并不是凭空感觉,而是有严格的判定标准。最强厄尔尼诺到底有多强?

根据气象卫星监测显示,自5月以来,赤道中东太平洋进入厄尔尼诺状态,关键区尼诺3.4区海温持续攀升。7至9月,尼诺3.4区海温指数滑动平均值超过2.5℃,达到超强事件标准。气象部门预计,未来3个月,赤道中东太平洋海表温度还将继续升高,在秋末冬初达到峰值,此次厄尔尼诺事件将成为有系统性监测以来最强厄尔尼诺事件。

中国气象局国家气候中心首席预报员赵俊虎:国家气候中心主要对特定区域尼诺3.4区海温指数进行监测,当指数3个月滑动平均值达到或超过0.5℃且持续至少5个月,则判定为一次厄尔尼诺事件。事件强度定义为其峰值,即尼诺3.4区海温指数3个月滑动平均值达到最大的数值。事件峰值达到或超过0.5℃但小于1.3℃定义为弱事件,达到或超过1.3℃但小于2.0℃定义为中等事件,达到或超过2.0℃定义为强事件,达到或超过2.5℃定义为超强事件。

预计赤道中东太平洋海表温度将继续维持波动上升态势,于11至12月前后达到本次事件峰值,强度有望超过历史上3次超强事件,即1982至1983年、1997至1998年和2015至2016年,成为有观测记录以来最强的一次。本次事件具有发展速度快、强度强、对气候影响显著等突出特点。

超强厄尔尼诺就等于超级高温吗?不是!

厄尔尼诺既然会引发海水温度上升,那么,一旦发生超强厄尔尼诺就等于超级高温吗?其实并不是。

超强厄尔尼诺如同一个强大的“全球气候放大器”,它会重新“洗牌”大气能量和水分输送路径,相当于按下了全球天气的“总开关”,但是这只是气候异常的“助跑器”,超强厄尔尼诺可能引发区域或全球一系列极端事件——有的地方暴雨成灾,有的地方干旱少雨,台风路径、高温热浪都会被重新“排版”。

今年秋冬是冷是暖?“重头戏”为何在明年?

厄尔尼诺的影响重在对大气的响应,可以是即时响应,也可以是滞后效应,与其发展的不同阶段有关。那么,这次超强厄尔尼诺事件对我国气候带来什么影响呢?今年秋冬甚至明年春夏,会发生气候极端异常情况吗?

气象专家表示,对于中国来说,厄尔尼诺的影响更加复杂。通常在厄尔尼诺的发展年,我国长江以南地区易发生洪涝;西北太平洋台风生成数量偏多、生成位置偏东偏南,强度偏强;冬季我国出现“暖冬”的概率较大,但冷暖起伏仍较明显。而在厄尔尼诺的衰减年,长江流域洪涝风险更高,而台风生成数量偏少,夏季我国大部地区气温偏高,高温热浪可能更强。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 赤道中东太平洋海表温度将在11至12月达到峰值。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • ?具体对中国不同地区的降水影响程度如何?
  • ?明年夏季高温热浪的具体分布区域。

Related Topics

People
Organizations
Places
Topics
This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

Quick Look

中国气象局国家气候中心确认,一次东部型超强厄尔尼诺事件已于9月形成。该事件预计将成为有系统性监测以来最强,其通过改变全球大气环流,可能引发全球范围内的极端天气,包括干旱、暴雨及气温异常。

AI-generated summary

Story signals

News tone
Neutral
Emotional intensity
High
News value
Moderate
Global impact
Global
Urgency
Developing
Follow-up likelihood
Certain
Relevance window
Months

Source & Reliability

Source
中国新闻网
Source quality
Full
Published
1 hour ago
View translation
厄尔尼诺
气候变化
中国气象局
厄尔尼诺
赵俊虎
中国气象局国家气候中心
赤道中东太平洋
西太平洋
南美洲
长江流域
气候变化
中国气象局
极端天气
全球变暖

Related Stories

More on this topic厄尔尼诺
(Rural Travel·Looking at Revitalization) A doctoral workstation that “nuggets gold” in China’s Mu Us Sandy Land
Environment·3 hours ago

(Rural Travel·Looking at Revitalization) A doctoral workstation that “nuggets gold” in China’s Mu Us Sandy Land

The Mu Us Sandy Land Forest and Sand Industry Innovation and Entrepreneurship Doctoral Workstation in Wushen Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, has successfully combined desert control with industrial development by developing special machinery for sand and promoting the planting of edible fungi and desert medicinal materials, driving local herders to increase their income and achieving a win-win situation for both ecology and economy.

中国新闻网
4 min read
How strong is Super El Niño? It’s not as simple as warm winter
Developing·3 hours ago

How strong is Super El Niño? It’s not as simple as warm winter

The National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration announced that an eastern-type super strong El Niño event has formed in September. This event is expected to be the strongest since monitoring records began, and its impact will last until the summer of 2027, possibly causing extreme precipitation, high temperature heat waves, and floods in many places in my country.

中国新闻网
6 min read
Surprised to see white sewage in Keelung River Gantry Drainage, does not affect water supply
BREAKING·4 hours ago

Surprised to see white sewage in Keelung River Gantry Drainage, does not affect water supply

A large amount of white emulsified pollutants appeared in the Keelung River Gantry Drainage in the evening. The Keelung Municipal Government's Environmental Protection Bureau and Public Works Department have sent personnel to trace the source of the pollution. The District 1 Management Office of the Water Supply Company confirmed that the contamination did not enter the water pumping station and has switched to the Xinshan Reservoir for water supply. The public's water use will not be affected.

自由时报
1 min read
Cold air has arrived and the local temperature will drop by more than 8℃. Why is the feeling of heat increasing instead of decreasing in many places in the south?
Urgent·5 hours ago

Cold air has arrived and the local temperature will drop by more than 8℃. Why is the feeling of heat increasing instead of decreasing in many places in the south?

The heavy rainfall in Hainan ended today, and rainfall increased in northwest, north China, northeast and other places. At the same time, the cold air in the north brings a 4-6°C cooling, while the subtropical high pressure in the south becomes strong, with local temperatures exceeding 30°C. In addition, Typhoon No. 29 "Little Bear" has strengthened to a strong typhoon level.

中国新闻网
2 min read
Hurricane Isaias, the first hurricane to land in the United States in two years, leaves nearly 730,000 households in Alabama and Florida without power
Developing·5 hours ago

Hurricane Isaias, the first hurricane to land in the United States in two years, leaves nearly 730,000 households in Alabama and Florida without power

Category 2 Hurricane Isaias made landfall in Florida on the evening of the 9th and turned north through Alabama. In the early morning of the 10th, it caused power outages for hundreds of thousands of users in the two states. Many roads were flooded, trees fell down and buildings were damaged. The authorities urged people not to go out.

自由时报
2 min read
Yunnan Academy of Forestry joins forces with international organizations to explore internationalization paths for biodiversity conservation standards
Environment·5 hours ago

Yunnan Academy of Forestry joins forces with international organizations to explore internationalization paths for biodiversity conservation standards

The national standardized guidance technical document "GB/Z283-2026 Enterprise Biodiversity Information Disclosure Guidelines" jointly developed by the Yunnan Academy of Forestry, the United Nations Development Program and ethnic skin care companies was officially released, marking a new step for Chinese companies to participate in biodiversity protection and sustainable utilization.

中国新闻网
6 min read
More on this topic厄尔尼诺