
通过光伏板下种植中草药,新疆生产建设兵团实现清洁能源生产、药材种植与生态修复的三位一体发展
新疆生产建设兵团在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘推广“药光互补”模式,利用光伏板下空间种植艾草等中药材。该模式不仅提升了土地产值,还通过植被固沙改善了生态环境,实现了新能源与特色农业的深度融合。
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新疆戈壁沙地生态脆弱,通过抬高光伏支架并利用遮阴优势,当地探索出农光互补的产业模式。
中新网乌鲁木齐9月21日电 (史玉江)在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘的戈壁荒滩上,连片蓝色光伏板绵延铺展。光伏板下,中草药蓬勃生长。
这里正在实践一套“板上光伏发电、板下种植药材、全域生态修复”三位一体的农光互补新模式,让新疆生产建设兵团昔日戈壁荒滩,变身集清洁能源生产、中药材种植、荒漠生态保护于一体的复合产业基地。
“板下经济”助力乡村振兴
近日,走进沙漠边缘的新疆生产建设兵团第八师石河子市一三四团光伏发电基地,光伏板下连片的艾草泛起层层绿浪,艾香扑鼻,新沃源中药材合作社负责人伍建龙正驾驶农机忙着收割艾草。
“合作社2024年年初在光伏发电基地种了108亩艾草。目前收割的是第2茬,一年能收3茬。”伍建龙给记者算起了经济账:艾草耐旱耐瘠薄,亩产干货能达到1.2至1.5吨,仅卖原料,一亩地的净利润也有1200至1500元,销路不愁。
光伏板铺设后,因当地早晚温差大,不断有水汽凝结在板上,汇成水滴落下。加之光伏基地采用滴灌水肥一体化技术,大幅节约水资源,种植艾草每亩地一年就能省下约400立方米的水。
伍建龙介绍,得益于光伏板的“加温”效应,这里的艾草成熟周期比一般情况缩短半个月,产量明显提升。“收割后的原料加工成艾条、艾绒、中药饮片等产品,用于医药、保健品等领域。”
一三四团引导民众利用光伏板下闲置土地资源,发展黄芩、艾草、板蓝根、紫菀、丹参、芍药等特色中药材种植,目前种植面积达7500亩,销往全国各地。
一片戈壁,三重价值
长期以来,新疆戈壁沙地多、风沙大、蒸发量大,生态环境脆弱。大规模光伏电站落地后,当地在产生清洁电源的同时,探索兼顾产业发展与生态保护的路子。
经论证,项目抬高光伏支架,为作物预留生长空间,利用光伏板遮阴降蒸发、削弱风沙的天然优势,选用艾草这类耐旱、耐沙化、适应性强的中草药品种,配套高效节水滴灌系统,在光伏板间隙发展中药材种植,让一块土地实现多重价值。
一三四团光伏基地是新疆兵团首个“数智光伏”项目——中新建电力集团100万千瓦光伏基地项目的一部分,已于2023年12月全容量并网发电,年送绿电约15亿千瓦时,相当于少烧50万吨标准煤。
这套农光互补模式,将新能源、中药材产业、生态修复三者深度绑定:光伏发电带来稳定基础收益;板下中草药种植盘活土地,创造农业产值;草本植被固沙保土,反过来保护光伏设备不被风沙掩埋,降低电站运维成本,形成良性循环。
近年来,立足新疆荒漠资源禀赋,新疆兵团各师市因地制宜推广“光伏+生态+特色产业”发展模式,多点布局“药光互补”“林光互补”“牧光互补”项目,在多个团场试点种植罗布麻、沙棘、枸杞、艾草等沙生经济作物,把荒漠闲置土地整合为规模化生态产业基地。
从单一光伏发电,到新能源、生态治理、特色农业深度融合,新疆兵团通过少量引种、多点试验、逐步推广的方式,不断优化板下种植品类与技术模式,完善产业链配套,持续推动沙荒资源高效复合利用。

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