
中東情勢の緊迫化やインフレ懸念、財政不安が背景に
日米欧で長期金利が急上昇し、「世界同時金利高」となっている。中東情勢を受けた原油高によるインフレ懸念や中銀の利上げ観測、各国の財政不安が要因で、経済減速の懸念が高まっている。
AI-generated summary
低物価が定着していた日本や欧州ではマイナス金利政策がとられていたが、コロナ禍後のインフレ局面で変化が生じている。
日米欧で長期金利が上昇(国債価格は下落)し、「世界同時金利高」の様相だ。中東情勢を受けた物価高(インフレ)懸念や中央銀行の利上げ観測の高まり、各国の財政不安などが要因となっている。金利上昇が止まらなければ、各国経済を減速させかねない。
日本の長期金利の指標となる新発10年物国債利回りは、1日に1996年9月以来30年ぶりに3%台に乗せた。翌2日に3.015%をつけた後、3%を割ったが、11日に再び一時3%台に上昇した。
米国でも長期金利が11日、4.9%台をつけ、2023年10月以来の高さとなった。欧州でも9月以降、フランスが08年、ドイツが09年、英国は07年以来の高水準だ。英国は主要7カ国(G7)で最も高い。
低物価が定着し、マイナス金利政策などをとった日本や欧州主要国の長期金利は、20年前後にはマイナス圏に沈むなど、極めて低位で推移した。だが新型コロナ禍後のインフレ局面で、米欧では金利が大きく上昇。日本銀行が24年に「異次元」の金融緩和策を転換してからは、日本でも上昇が始まり、昨年10月の「責任ある積極財政」を掲げる高市早苗政権の発足後は1%以上上昇した。
長期金利は、好景気で経済の成長が見込まれる場合にも上昇する。だが今の世界同時金利高については「震源地は米イラン戦争」(みずほ証券の丹治倫敦氏)との見方が多い。
中東での戦闘の終結は見通せず、米国産WTI原油の先物価格は10日、一時5月以来となる1バレル=100ドル台をつけた。原油高はインフレ懸念を強め、金利を押し上げる。インフレは米連邦準備制度理事会(FRB)や日本銀行の早期の利上げ観測を高め、それも長期金利に波及する。米国では、11日に公表された消費者物価指数(CPI)でインフレの上ぶれが確認され、FRBが9月にも利上げするとの市場予想が9割近くに達した。欧州中央銀行(ECB)は10日に、利上げを決めた。
さらに、各国財政の持続性への不安も、国債を売る動きにつながる。
世界の政府総債務は「かつてない水準」に
新型コロナ禍で各国は支出を…
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
FRBが9月にも利上げを実施する
Likely · Within months

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