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Back減重成功後血壓過低風險升高 醫師提醒降壓藥量需重新評估
減重成功後血壓過低風險升高 醫師提醒降壓藥量需重新評估
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自由时报yesterdayHealth2 min readChinaView translation

減重成功後血壓過低風險升高 醫師提醒降壓藥量需重新評估

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新光吳火獅紀念醫院心臟內科醫師凌濼傑指出,減重成功後血壓會隨之下降,原本降壓藥劑量可能過高,導致姿勢性低血壓,建議減重每下降5公斤或原體重5%時應回診調整藥量,切勿自行停藥。

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Why It Matters

台灣成人過重及肥胖率達50.3%,減重藥物GLP-1受體促效劑(俗稱瘦瘦針)使用增加,隨著體重下降,血壓亦隨之降低,但藥物劑量未隨體重變化調整,可能導致過度降壓。

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〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕50多歲男性透過瘦瘦針瘦下來,卻在某次站起來時倒下。新光吳火獅紀念醫院心臟內科、心臟電生理科主治醫師凌濼傑引用一名案例說明:一位五十多歲的先生,高血壓吃了三年藥,血壓一直在 140 上下。

1年前,他下定決心減重,在門診使用 GLP-1 受體促效劑(俗稱瘦瘦針)搭配飲食與運動,半年瘦了 14 公斤,爬樓梯也不喘了。直到某個週末早上,他從沙發上站起來,卻眼前一片白,人就這樣倒下,額頭撞上茶几,家人叫了救護車。急診量血壓 92/58 毫米汞柱,心電圖與心肌指標都正常。答案在他的藥袋裡:兩顆降壓藥,劑量和三年前一模一樣。

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凌濼傑直言,實際上個案血壓「變好」了,好到原本的藥量,對現在的他來說太多。減重成功的紅利之一,就是降壓藥可以往下調;只是應該由醫師來調整藥量。

體重掉下來 血壓跟著掉

國健署統計,國人成人過重及肥胖率已達 50.3%。隨著減重藥物普及,真正瘦下來的人明顯變多,一種新的問題也跟著出現在心臟科。

凌濼傑表示,「減重降血壓,是有量級的。」一份彙整 25 個隨機分派試驗、近 4,900 人的統合分析算出:平均每減 1 公斤,收縮壓約降 1 毫米汞柱;減重超過 5 公斤者,平均降 6.6 毫米汞柱。

藥物減重的試驗方向一致。一份合併三項 GLP-1 受體促效劑試驗、逾 3,000 人個別資料的分析發現,用藥組收縮壓比安慰劑組多降約 5 毫米汞柱,其中約 89% 是經由體重下降達成。血壓會降,主要是因為人真的瘦了。減重手術更直接:原本服用兩種以上降壓藥的患者,術後一年有 83.7% 做到「降壓藥減少三成以上、血壓仍達標」,對照組只有 12.8%。

凌濼傑強調,「減重成功之後藥量要重新算,是預期中的事,不是猜測。」藥的劑量是照著當時的體重與血管狀態開的。體重掉了一、兩成,身體對藥的需求跟著下降,藥量卻停在原地,就成了相對過量。最先露餡的往往不是躺著量的血壓,而是換姿勢的那幾秒:站起來三分鐘內收縮壓掉超過 20 毫米汞柱、或舒張壓掉超過 10 毫米汞柱,就符合姿勢性低血壓的定義。

用這類藥物減重的人還有加成:食慾下降讓吃喝變少、水分與鹽分跟著減少,腸胃道副作用也可能脫水,藥物本身也有促進排鈉、放鬆血管等作用。重點在於「減重成功之後,原本的慢性病藥單必須跟著重新校準。」

出現這些狀況 不要等下一次回診

・變換姿勢時眼前一片白:起床、久坐起身、洗完熱水澡出來,要晃一下才站得住。

・收縮壓數值:使用家用血壓機時,常出現 100 上下的收縮壓,尤其早上那一次。

・生活狀態不同:整天像沒充飽電,爬樓梯比減重前更累。

・正在服用利尿劑的人:尿量變少、口乾、小腿抽筋。

・跌倒過或撞到頭:應直接就醫。

減藥為什麼要由醫師來減

不少人會因此覺得我少吃點降血壓藥就好了;凌濼傑強調「不可以」。凌濼傑說明,醫師主導的減藥安全可行,但那是需要追蹤的療程。一項針對 80 歲以上、服用兩種以上降壓藥者的隨機分派試驗,由醫師減掉一種藥,12 週後有 66.3% 的人維持在減藥後的狀態,減藥組收縮壓平均高出 3.4 毫米汞柱。白話說:三分之二減得掉,三分之一要把藥加回來,差別在有沒有人追蹤。還有兩件事只有醫師分得出來:

一、該先動哪一顆:食量與水分都變少時,利尿劑通常最先要檢視,但每個人的組合不同。

二、有些藥不只為了血壓:心肌梗塞後、心臟衰竭與部分心律不整的病人,乙型阻斷劑或血管收縮素抑制劑帶有保護心臟的角色,血壓漂亮也不能停。

減重期間的三個功課

一、血壓與體重一起記錄:居家血壓依 722 原則(連續 7 天、早晚各 1 次、每次 2 遍),與體重紀錄一起帶回診間。

二、體重每掉 5 公斤,或掉超過原本體重的 5%,就把「藥還合不合身」列進回診要問的事。

三、頭暈就提早回診:不要自己停藥,也不要因為怕頭暈就停掉減重。

Open Questions

  • 減重後應多久檢查一次血壓與藥物適劑量?
  • 哪些降壓藥在減重後優先考慮減量或停用?
  • 長期使用GLP-1受體促效劑減重者,心血管風險與獲益的平衡點在哪?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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