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Back特別自治市構想巡り指定都市と道府県が対立、初会合も平行線
特別自治市構想巡り指定都市と道府県が対立、初会合も平行線
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時事通信1 hour agoPolitics2 min readJapanView translation

特別自治市構想巡り指定都市と道府県が対立、初会合も平行線

道府県の権限や財源を大都市に移す「特別市」構想を巡り、指定都市市長会と全国知事会がオンラインで初会合を開催。財政影響や行政対応への懸念から主張が対立している。

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地方自治制度の「特別自治市」構想を巡り、指定都市市長会と全国知事会が初のオンライン意見交換会を開催した。業務効率化を訴える指定都市に対し、道府県側は財政悪化や広域行政への支障を懸念し、主張は平行線をたどっている。

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Why It Matters

道府県の権限や財源を大都市に移す「特別自治市」制度を巡り、指定都市市長会と全国知事会の間で対立が生じている。

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地方自治制度を巡り、道府県の権限や財源を大都市に移し、道府県から独立させる「特別自治市(特別市)」が一つの論点となっている。全国20政令市でつくる指定都市市長会が、行政の効率化に向けた方策として国に制度化を求めているのに対し、道府県は財政などへの影響を懸念して反対の姿勢。両者の主張は平行線をたどっている。

「特別市」法制化に反対 道府県運営に支障―知事会議閉幕

特別市構想が浮上した背景には、近年人口減少に伴って自治体の担い手が不足し、住民サービスの持続可能性が課題となっていることが挙げられる。指定都市市長会は、制度創設により、業務の効率化や職員の負担軽減、サービスの質向上につながると主張。インフラ整備などで周辺市町村と「水平連携」することで、地域全体の発展にも寄与するとしている。

一方全国知事会は、特別市に税収が移れば道府県の収入が大幅に減り、他の市町村への支援などに影響を及ぼす可能性があると指摘。さらに、災害や感染症など市町村をまたいだ行政対応にも支障が生じかねないとの危機感を示している。7月に公表したプロジェクトチーム(PT)の中間取りまとめには「課題や懸念を明確に払拭することなく法制化することには反対だ」と明記した。

こうした中、両者は24日に初めてオンラインの意見交換会を開いた。指定都市市長会の久元喜造会長(神戸市長)は「もはや自治体は持続可能と言えず、東京一極集中もどんどん進んでいる。特別市(の創設)を含む大都市制度の改革が必要だ」と強調。知事会に理解を求めた。

一方知事会PTリーダーの村井嘉浩宮城県知事は、現在の道府県と政令市の関係に課題があることは認めたものの、「解決策は必ずしも特別市制度ではない」と指摘。知事会の懸念に対して「納得できる説明ではなかった」と述べ、両者の隔たりが改めて浮き彫りとなった。

特別市を含む大都市制度の在り方は、1月に発足した政府の第34次地方制度調査会(首相の諮問機関)でも審議項目の一つになっている。ただ、調査会の委員を務める有識者からは「特別市を導入するメリットが不明確なままだ」といった声が上がっている。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 第34次地方制度調査会での審議継続

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 政府の地方制度調査会はどのような結論を出すのか
  • 財政移譲に関する具体的な調整案はまとまるのか

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

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