
AI相关产品需求强劲推动出口增长,但贸易不平衡引发国际压力与保护主义担忧
中国海关总署数据显示,10月出口同比增长35.2%,进口增长41.6%。AI基础设施建设带动芯片与高科技产品出口激增,中国贸易顺差连续第二年突破1万亿美元。尽管出口强劲,但产能过剩与内需疲软引发国际贸易摩擦压力。
AI-generated summary
中国贸易顺差在2025年后连续两年突破万亿美元大关。全球人工智能基础设施建设需求成为出口增长的核心驱动力。
(德国之声中文网)中国海关总署11月10日公布的贸易统计显示,今年10月,中国以美元计价出口同比激增35.2%,高过市场预期的33.5%;进口同比激增41.6%,创近5年半最快增速,高于预估的33.9%,贸易顺差近1053亿美元。
由此,中国今年前十个月进出口总值高达6.52万亿美元,同比增长25.3%。其中出口3.78万亿美元,同比增长22.7%;进口2.74万亿美元,同比增长29%;贸易顺差1.04万亿美元。这是中国继2025年之后连续第2年突破贸易顺差1万亿美元大关。
以人民币计价,中国上月出口同比增长28.7%,进口同比增长34.7%,贸易顺差近7128亿元人民币;今年前十月进出口总值44.81万亿元,同比增长20%。其中,出口25.99万亿元,增长17.6%;进口18.82万亿元,增长23.6%;贸易顺差7.16万亿元。
AI热潮带来出口增长
中国出口增长的主要动力是AI相关产品。今年以来,全球加快建设人工智能基础设施,带来对高科技产品空前的需求。1至10月,中国的芯片与计算机零部件出口贡献了出口金额同比增量的约40%。今年前十个月,中国半导体出口同比增长111.1%,高科技产品出口整体增长47.9%。
10月进口增速创2021年以来最高的主要动力来自原油进口的显著回升。数据显示,中国10月原油进口量接近4200万吨,为今年3月以来最高水平。中国海关总署公布数据还显示,1-10月,中国进口的自动数据处理设备机器零部件、集成电路增速分别为135.7%和65.1%。
专家预测,按照目前的态势,中国有望在2026年超越去年创下的1.2万亿美元贸易顺差纪录。穆迪分析(Moody’s Analytics)经济学家Dave Chia表示:“我们预计,在电子产品和汽车的带动下,中国出口在今年余下时间里将保持强劲势头。”
贸易不平衡问题
与此同时,要求中国实现贸易平衡的压力也在不断增加。法国外贸银行(Natixis)亚太区首席经济学家艾丽西亚·加西亚-埃雷罗(Alicia García-Herrero)指出,由于许多行业存在产能过剩、国内储蓄过高以及内需疲软,中国仍倾向于将商品销往海外;而与此同时,一些国家正采取措施保护本国产业。
今年1-10月,中国前三大出口市场分别是东盟、欧盟和美国。中国海关总署公布的数据显示,今年前10个月,中国对东盟出口同比增长30.5%,对欧盟出口增长17.2%,对美出口增长12.1%;其中对美贸易顺差约为2665亿美元;对欧盟的贸易顺差为3208亿美元。
2025年,中国对欧盟贸易顺差约为4100亿美元,平均每天超过11亿美元。欧盟领导人强烈呼吁对华实施更多贸易限制,并已与中方达成协议,在未来几年内限制中国向欧盟出口混合动力汽车。不过,由于这些限制措施尚未正式生效,预计相关企业会提前发货,从而在短期内进一步推高出口数据。
本周一,北京与华盛顿正式将一项原定于周二到期的“贸易休战”协议延长了两个月。在下周深圳举行的亚太经合组织(APEC)峰会上,中国国家主席习近平与美国总统特朗普预计将进行今年以来的第三次会晤,更广泛的经济关系及关税政策将成为焦点。
中国强劲的出口有助于抵消国内需求的疲软。预计今年中国经济将达到北京官方设定的4.5%至5%的年增长率目标,略低于去年的5%。但分析师也认为,对出口的日益依赖,使得中国经济更容易受到全球需求放缓的影响。公众反对数据中心的扩张以及美国中期选举民主党的胜利已经加剧了人们对人工智能产业衰退的担忧,中国相关产品未来的出口可能因此受到影响。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
中国有望在2026年超越去年创下的1.2万亿美元贸易顺差纪录。
Possible · Within months

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