
前高盛大宗商品研究主管柯里警告,美國債務利息負擔攀升及金融壓制政策正推動全球資金轉向黃金、能源與農產品等硬資產。他指出若黃金在外匯準備中的占比回到1971年水準,上漲空間龐大,並認為大宗商品超級週期可能才處於第二或第三局,同時質疑加密貨幣能否完全取代黃金的避險功能。
AI-generated summary
文章指出美國政府利息支出已達1.1兆美元,可能升至1.5兆美元,規模已超過國防支出,僅次於社會保障與醫療支出。柯里認為這反映出西方國家主權債務失衡,正在改變傳統資產的定價邏輯。
〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕黃金價格到1萬美元非空談? 高盛前大宗商品研究主管、資深商品專家柯里(Jeff Currie)認為,隨著美國債務利息負擔持續攀升,美政府加大對金融市場的干預,全球資金正重新轉向黃金、能源與農產品等「硬資產」。
儘管柯里未直接喊出每盎司1萬美元目標價,卻指出若黃金在全球外匯準備中的占比回到1971年尼克森終止美元兌換黃金前的水準,上漲空間依然相當龐大,而這一輪大宗商品超級週期,可能才走到「第二或第三局」。
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柯里在9月7日接受投資Podcast《The Master Investor Podcast》專訪時表示,西方國家主權債務失衡,正在改變傳統資產的定價邏輯。以美國為例,目前政府利息支出已達1.1兆美元(約新台幣34.65兆元),未來可能升至約1.5兆美元(約新台幣47.2兆元),規模已超過國防支出,僅次於社會保障與醫療相關支出。
他直言,美國政府近期透過債券回購等方式介入長天期公債市場,不論政策名稱如何包裝,核心都是希望壓低殖利率;當政策制定者不願接受市場提供的價格時,本質上就是「金融壓制」。他也把美國過去對戰略石油儲備(SPR)、日圓市場及互換額度的干預,視為同一套壓低利率的政策邏輯。
但金融壓制並非沒有代價。柯里認為,這類政策或許能防止殖利率升至足以迫使債務清算的水準,代價卻可能是更高的通膨,藉由物價上升侵蝕債務的實質價值,對持有金融資產的人尤其不利。
在這樣的背景下,黃金正重新成為重要避風港。
柯里認為,全球央行、尤其新興市場央行正逐步降低對美元資產的依賴,而轉折點可追溯至2018年美國對俄羅斯寡頭祭出二級制裁,以及後續俄烏戰爭。這些事件讓部分國家意識到,持有大量美元資產本身也可能帶來制裁與地緣政治風險,進一步推升黃金的戰略價值。
至於加密貨幣能否取代黃金,他仍持保留態度,其原因是黃金能在不留下明顯數位痕跡的情況下轉移大量財富,這項特性並非加密貨幣可以完全取代。
除了黃金,他同樣看好能源與農業。柯里指出,能源產業自2014年以來長期投資不足,加上ESG浪潮限制資本投入,使供給端累積結構性壓力。目前前七大能源企業自由現金流殖利率合計約15.5%,相較之下,「科技七巨頭」約為2%,大型資料中心營運商甚至接近零,但市場資金仍大舉追逐科技與AI,石油企業反而乏人問津。
他並指出,目前煉油裂解價差已達每桶105美元,約為正常水準的4至5倍,反映成品油供應緊張。即使全球經濟陷入衰退,他認為原有的大宗商品供需缺口也不會因此消失。
柯里將這種情況形容為「富足錯覺」(Illusion of Abundance),認為西方社會低估了能源與農業供給短缺,也可能因此低估衰退風險。放眼長期,他預期全球化正逐步逆轉,世界走向去全球化與碎片化,甚至可能出現蘋果等優質企業債券殖利率低於美國公債的情況。
因此,柯里主張,投資者與其精準押注單一商品,不如廣泛配置石油、鈾、關鍵礦產及農業等硬資產。在他的判斷中,全球正重新回到一個由「硬資產」主導的世界,而這場可能延續多年的大宗商品超級週期,目前仍只是前半場。
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AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
黃金價格將有機會向上測試較高水準,儘管未達每盎司1萬美元,但上漲空間仍然存在
Possible · Within months
大宗商品超級週期可能才處於第二或第三局,預計將延續多年
Likely · Within years
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