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Back習近平接班人恐不只1人 候選池逐漸成形
習近平接班人恐不只1人 候選池逐漸成形
Politics
自由时报25 minutes agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

習近平接班人恐不只1人 候選池逐漸成形

旅美評論員鄧聿文分析,習近平可能透過省級人事輪調測試官員能力,而非指定單一接班人。

Quick Look

旅美評論員鄧聿文在《外交政策》撰文指出,中共21大前未必會出現習近平的單一接班人。習近平可能傾向建立一個由1967至1975年出生官員組成的「候選池」,透過關鍵崗位輪調測試其忠誠度與治理能力,以避免提前形成第二權力中心。

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Why It Matters

中共21大即將召開,外界關注習近平的接班人選與權力交接安排。近期中國省級官員人事密集調整,引發對接班佈局的猜測。

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旅居美國的中國政治評論員鄧聿文8日在《外交政策》(Foreign Policy)雜誌發表題為「誰將接替習近平?」(Who Will Succeed Xi Jinping?)文章指出,明年中共21大未必出現1位公認的習近平接班人,更可能的做法是讓1967至1975年前後出生的一批官員輪調北京、上海、廣東、江蘇、浙江等關鍵崗位,測試其忠誠、危機處理和治理能力,形成一個「候選池」。

文章寫道,近期中國進行省級人事調整,包括9月,1972年出生的朱忠明出任上海代理市長,一度被外界視為培養習近平接班人的訊號;之後,1965年出生的李樂成、周祖翼分別擔任安徽和河南省委書記,1967年出生的趙龍升任福建省委書記,而且調整的動作尚未停止。

鄧聿文認為,由這些人事調整來看,21大前未必出現習近平的公認接班人,如果習近平計畫執政至約2037年,現在指定1人只會提前形成第二權力中心。

文章指出,習近平面臨接班悖論,即過於服從者可能無力處理經濟放緩、社會壓力、科技競爭、台海風險與龐大黨國機器;能力與獨立性過強者,上台後又未必遵循前任意志。

儘管目前還沒有公認的接班人,而且即便在明年年底中共21大之前,也不太可能出現這樣的人物,但在五中全會召開前夕,近期省級官員的密集改組,或許能提供一些線索,因為這揭示了一個明顯的世代轉變,越來越多省級黨委書記職是由1964年至1969年出生的官員擔任,而省長職位則向1970年代出生的官員開放。

接班人候選人名單正在逐步形成,但真正的問題在於,習近平希望什麼樣的人接替他的位置?習近平對官員的整體標準眾所周知:政治素質至上,還必須忠誠、廉潔、勇於擔當;而且必須具備專業能力、解決問題的能力,以及因應重大風險的能力。

然而,選擇總書記則需要考慮一些與普通高級任命不同的額外因素。首先是政治上可靠,但可靠並非僅意味著與習近平私交甚好。習近平必須相信,此人一旦掌權,不會背棄習近平的政治遺產。

其次是政治可預測性。今天服從習近平的官員,一旦成為總書記,行為方式可能截然不同,最高權力會改變政治行為,習近平比多數人都更明白這一點。

第三是治理能力。2030年代,中國的領導人將不再只面臨GDP成長的挑戰,他將不得不因應複雜的經濟和社會問題、與美國長期的技術和地緣政治競爭、涉及台灣的潛在軍事和安全風險,以及一個擁有逾1億中共黨員、龐大官僚機構、錯綜複雜的地區利益,以及龐大國有經濟的黨國體制。

鄧聿文認為,習近平現階段更有可能不選擇1人,而是建立一個潛在的「候選池」。在其他條件大致相同的情況下,1967年至1975年出生的官員似乎是最值得關注的群體。如果習近平在2037年左右交出權力, 他們的年齡將在65歲至70歲之間。

Open Questions

  • 習近平是否會於2037年交出權力?
  • 候選池中的官員誰最受習近平青睞?

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