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Back研究揭示趋磁细菌如何通过磁链协同实现稳定磁响应及细胞间连接
研究揭示趋磁细菌如何通过磁链协同实现稳定磁响应及细胞间连接
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中国新闻网1 hour agoScience3 min readChinaView translation

研究揭示趋磁细菌如何通过磁链协同实现稳定磁响应及细胞间连接

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所李金华团队研究西安未央湖趋磁弧菌WYHV-1,发现其大尺寸非均匀磁化磁小体通过链级静磁耦合实现有效单磁畴样状态,并可介导细胞间磁连接,拓展经典单磁畴模型,相关成果发表于PNAS。

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Why It Matters

趋磁细菌通过合成磁小体并排列成链来感知地磁场方向,经典模型认为其磁小体需为均匀磁化的单磁畴以获得稳定磁矩,但自然界中存在尺寸偏大、磁化不均匀的非典型磁小体,其功能机制长期不明确。

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中新网北京9月30日电 (记者 孙自法)地磁场像一张覆盖全球的“坐标网”,持续为生物提供方向信息,作为其中的“活罗盘”,趋磁细菌如何构建磁性纽带?一直以来备受学界关注。

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所李金华研究员领衔并联合德国、澳大利亚、英国、法国、加拿大等合作者,以西安未央湖发现的一株单细胞趋磁弧菌(WYHV-1)为对象,构建了“颗粒磁化—磁链响应—细胞连接”的跨尺度研究框架。

趋磁弧菌WYHV-1的磁小体结构、磁性与磁场依赖的细胞间磁连接。中国科学院地质地球所 供图

这项贯通磁性颗粒、磁小体链、细胞三个尺度并拓展经典单磁畴模型的重要研究成果,相关论文北京时间9月30日凌晨在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上线发表。

磁小体“不走寻常路”

李金华介绍说,趋磁细菌在细胞内合成纳米磁铁矿磁小体,并排列成链,沿地磁场定向,从而在氧化—缺氧过渡带中高效寻找适宜生态位。经典模型认为,趋磁细菌依靠形貌规则、均匀磁化的单磁畴磁小体获得稳定磁矩。

但自然界中,一些趋磁细菌能合成尺寸偏大、磁化不均匀的颗粒。这些“非典型”磁小体能否维持有效磁功能?磁小体链的磁作用又能否跨越细胞边界?长期缺乏直接证据。

本次研究的WYHV-1的特别之处,首先在于它合成的磁小体“不走寻常路”。这些磁小体为拉长棱柱状磁铁矿,平均长约105纳米、宽约81纳米,超过四分之三的颗粒长90纳米–150纳米,明显大于多数已报道的趋磁细菌棱柱状磁小体。更独特的是,其晶体两端具有对称凹坑,形似一对“酒窝”,平均深约11纳米,通过多方法确认,凹坑是晶体固有特征。

尺寸大、带凹坑,会带来什么磁学后果?理论上,孤立的大尺寸磁铁矿颗粒容易形成非均匀磁化,而非理想单磁畴。研究团队此次在纳米尺度直接“看见”了磁矩排列:在链端或局部塌缩处,单颗磁小体常呈单涡旋态,磁矩围绕约15纳米宽的涡旋核卷曲,并非整体同向。

然而,当这些颗粒以约2纳米间距紧密排列成链后,强链内静磁耦合显著抑制了局部非均匀性,使多数链内颗粒趋向“有效单磁畴样”状态,整条磁链形成稳定的沿链轴向磁矩。微磁模拟进一步证实:约40纳米–85纳米颗粒为单磁畴,90纳米–150纳米大颗粒多为单涡旋;成链后,链级协同“驯服”了涡旋,链整体才是稳定磁响应的来源。

此外,磁小体链还能介导细胞间连接。在悬滴实验中,当细胞局部富集并施加约0.1–1毫特斯拉外磁场(约为当地地磁场的2–20倍)时,WYHV-1细胞会沿磁场首尾相接,形成20微米–50微米甚至更长的链状集合体。研究将其解释为原本独立细胞之间的磁场依赖物理连接。

合理解释悬滴实验

李金华指出,为检验其磁学基础,研究团队建立单链和头尾双链模型。计算表明,链端杂散场随距离衰减,但在100纳米–1000纳米范围内仍高于当地地磁场强度(约0.000045特斯拉);双链静磁能增益超过室温热扰动能。

模型提示,两个活细胞相距约2000纳米、接近一个细胞长度时,链间磁相互作用仍可能抵抗布朗扰动。这为悬滴实验提供了合理解释:外场先使细胞大致对齐,链端杂散场再促进端对端吸引、连接与再连接。此时,磁小体链不仅是胞内“指南针”,也可成为传递细胞间磁力的磁性纽带。

本项研究拓展的经典单磁畴模型表明,趋磁细菌不必要求每颗磁小体都处于理想均匀磁化状态,大尺寸单涡旋颗粒仍可通过链级协同获得稳定轴向磁响应。因此,功能评价单元应从孤立颗粒扩展到完整磁链,甚至细胞间相互作用。

同时,WYHV-1还为地质记录中两端带凹坑的棱柱状磁铁矿提供了现代生物学参照,对磁小体化石识别及古环境、古地磁记录解释具有启示意义。

李金华表示,基于本次研究成果,未来,在接近地磁场强度的模拟体系中直接观察活细胞,并通过磁学—电化学—化学耦合实验,将有望揭示这种细胞间磁连接是否具有真实的生态功能。(完)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未来将在接近地磁场强度的模拟体系中直接观察活细胞的磁连接行为

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 这种磁场依赖的细胞间连接在自然环境中是否具有真实的生态功能?
  • 链级协同机制在其他类型趋磁细菌中是否普遍存在?
  • 酒窝状凹坑对磁小体链的稳定性和功能有何具体影响?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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