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Back歐中貿易戰一觸即發!油電車只是第一步 傳歐盟考慮瞄準「這些」產業
歐中貿易戰一觸即發!油電車只是第一步 傳歐盟考慮瞄準「這些」產業
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

歐中貿易戰一觸即發!油電車只是第一步 傳歐盟考慮瞄準「這些」產業

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在迫使中國接受汽車出口限制後,歐盟開始考慮在化學、機械工業等產業採取後續行動,知情人士透露德國將敦促對中國進口實施類似限制,布魯塞爾指出家具和機車等產品受中國進口激衝擊,歐盟經濟事務專員杜姆布羅夫斯基表示貿易失衡不僅限於汽車業,上週達成的協議被視為經過深思熟慮的讓步,但中國官媒警告若歐盟「耍新花招」將採取行動回應,歐盟領袖將於週四開會討論下一步行動,此舉將危及避免貿易戰的更廣泛目標。

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Why It Matters

歐盟在迫使中國接受汽車出口限制後,開始考慮在化學、機械工業等產業採取後續行動,布魯塞爾指出家具和機車等產品受中國進口激增的影響,對當地製造商構成威脅。

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知情人士透露,歐盟已經開始考慮在化學、機械工業等產業採取後續行動。(路透資料照)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕在迫使中國接受汽車出口限制之後,知情人士透露,歐盟已經開始考慮在其他產業採取後續行動,包括化學、機械工業等產業都是潛在目標,這也代表一場貿易衝突即將爆發。

《彭博》報導,北京和布魯塞爾對於限制中國油電混合車銷售協議的看法存在巨大分歧,而這一分歧在協議達成後短短幾天就浮現。歐盟領袖將在週四(15日)開會討論下一步行動,此舉將危及避免貿易戰的更廣泛目標。

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對於北京而言,上週達成的協議是一次經過深思熟慮的讓步,或許在原則上退了一步,但以每年對歐盟超過5600億美元(約新台幣18.12兆元)的出口額來看,僅僅是犧牲了一小部份。不過,中國官媒已警告,如果歐盟在談判中「耍新花招」,將會採取行動回應。

歐盟則明確表示,油電混合車只是聯盟關注清單上的「第一項」。知情人士透露,德國將敦促歐盟對中國在包括化學、機械工程,可能還有藥品等產業的進口實施類似的限制。

布魯塞爾方面也指出,家具和機車等產品受到中國進口激增的影響,對當地製造商構成威脅。如果汽車貿易協定是歐盟所能談妥的全部,那麼歐盟對中國的貿易逆差將幾乎不會有所改善。這一數字在上個月達到創紀錄的348億美元(約新台幣1.12兆元)。

歐盟經濟事務專員杜姆布羅夫斯基(Valdis Dombrovskis)週二(13日)在曼谷受訪時表示,歐盟與中國之間的貿易失衡「不僅限於汽車業」,歐盟需要在其他不同領域繼續推進這項行動。

實際上,就連汽車協議目前也還未最終敲定。歐盟表示,從12月起,將把從中國進口的油電混合車數量限制在每年35萬輛,不到今年預期數量的一半。這預計將使中國對歐洲的整體銷量減少約1.5%,全球出口額減少約0.2%。中方並未直接證實這一數字,而是透露,雙方將從2025年的30.2萬輛銷量開始「向上調整」。

在週四的歐盟會議召開之前,採取強硬應對措施的呼聲日益高漲,預計歐盟領袖將在會中討論如何應對中國出口激增的問題。

上週,歐盟最大的兩個經濟體德國和法國呼籲制定新的工具,賦予歐盟將中國完全排除在其龐大單一市場之外的權力,這種所謂的「二次打擊」機制可以對中國切斷稀土供應形成強而有力的威懾作用。

磁鐵一直是北京的強力籌碼,知情人士表示,北京正在與歐盟談判,希望能解除對中國公司的貿易限制,已換取中國恢復向艾司摩爾(ASML)供應鏈中的歐洲公司供應這些金屬。

這項策略是否會成功目前仍沒有定論,但一些中國分析家也擔心,不光是歐洲貿易談判代表會認為這是一個可以利用的先例,其他國家政府可能也會開始認為,以限制措施作為威脅,可以迫使北京讓步。

不過,歐亞集團的迪皮波(Gerard DiPippo)認為,中國向歐洲讓步不太可能引發全球骨牌效應。因為很少有國家擁有像歐盟一樣的影響力,面對所有提出投訴的交易對手,北京是否會給出統一的待遇,迪皮波持懷疑態度。

若是歐盟領袖提出汽車產業以外的其他讓步要求,那麼北京與布魯塞爾的衝突仍有可能升級。中國商務部前顧問屠新泉表示,歐盟很難複製汽車貿易協議,因為WTO規範對於實施「保障措施」有著很高的門檻,這給予中國充足的空間來拖延進展,如果嚴格依照條文來評判,歐盟肯定也會在某些地方不符合WTO規則。

一手掌握經濟脈動 點我訂閱自由財經Youtube頻道

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 歐盟領袖將於週四會議中討論並可能批准對中國化學和機械工業產業實施貿易限制措施。

    Likely · Within days

  • 中國將警告若歐盟在談判中「耍新花招」,將採取行動回應,可能包括對歐洲企業採取反制措施。

    Possible · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 歐盟是否將於週四會議中正式決定對化學和機械工業產業採取限制措施?
  • 中國若面臨新一輪貿易限制,將採取何種報應措施?
  • 德國和法國提出的「二次打擊」機制是否能獲得歐盟其他成員國的支持?
  • WTO規範下,歐盟對中國實施保障措施的法律依據是否充足?

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