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Back韓国で検察庁廃止、公訴庁と重大犯罪捜査庁に分割へ 1948年以来の刑事司法大改革
韓国で検察庁廃止、公訴庁と重大犯罪捜査庁に分割へ 1948年以来の刑事司法大改革
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時事通信3 hours agoPolitics2 min readJapanView translation

韓国で検察庁廃止、公訴庁と重大犯罪捜査庁に分割へ 1948年以来の刑事司法大改革

Quick Look

韓国で2日、検察庁が廃止され起訴・公判を担当する公訴庁と政治腐敗や経済犯罪などの捜査を担う重大犯罪捜査庁に分割される。1948年以来存在してきた検察庁が消える刑事司法の大改革。与党主導の革新勢力は悲願を達成したが、捜査の質低下や遅延への懸念も示されている。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

韓国では検察庁が権力者に都合の良い捜査を行う「政治検察」と批判されてきた。革新勢力は盧武鉉元大統領の自殺を契機に検察庁廃止を主張してきた。

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【ソウル時事】韓国で2日、検察庁が廃止され、起訴・公判を担当する公訴庁と、政治腐敗や経済犯罪などの捜査を担う重大犯罪捜査庁に分割される。1948年以来存在してきた検察庁が消える刑事司法の大改革。権力者の意に沿った偏った捜査が批判された検察庁の廃止は、革新勢力にとり悲願成就。一方で捜査の質の低下や遅延が懸念されている。

捜査の現場で大混乱も 背景に検察・警察の対立―韓国

「与えられた宿題を終えました」。8月初め、検察から捜査権を奪う刑事訴訟法改正案が国会を通過した後、主導した革新系与党「共に民主党」議員は盧武鉉元大統領の墓前に法案を供えた。

検察、特に特捜部は、権力の顔色をうかがい、強引な捜査や結論ありきの捜査を行う「政治検察」と批判されてきた。最初に検察の力をそごうと試みたのは革新系の盧政権(2003~08年)。しかし、検察と対立した盧氏は退任後に捜査を受け、自殺した。政界関係者は「革新勢力が検察廃止を進めた最大の動機は、盧氏の自殺に対する報復」と説明する。

文在寅政権では、側近の※(※恵の心が日)国元法相を尹錫悦検事総長(前大統領)率いる検察が捜査。文政権との対立は尹氏を大統領に押し上げる原動力となった。尹政権下で検察は当時の最大野党代表だった「政敵」李在明大統領の疑惑を徹底追及。革新勢力の反発が強まっていたところに、尹氏が「非常戒厳」宣言で弾劾され、一気に検察庁廃止に向けた動きが加速した。

新制度では、従来検察に認められた補充捜査権が廃止される。刑事事件を主に扱う弁護士は「警察が検察に送致する事件の5割以上で補充捜査が行われてきた」と解説する。今年5月に南西部・光州で起きた女子高生殺人事件では、警察官である被告の父親による証拠隠滅を検察が補充捜査で突き止めた。

今後は警察の不十分な捜査を防ぐシステムがなくなると不安視する声が多い。特に性暴力事件などがもみ消される恐れがあると女性団体や犯罪被害者団体は反発。障害者や女性らの支援に当たってきた弁護士は「初動捜査が不十分でも、誤りが是正されないまま事件が終結する可能性が高まる」と指摘している。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 警察の捜査不備を指摘する声が今後数か月で増加する

    Likely · Within months

  • 性暴力事件などのもみ消し懸念から女性団体による反発が続く

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 新しい公訴庁と重大犯罪捜査庁の実際の運営はどのようになるか
  • 警察の捜査不備を防ぐ代替システムは導入されるか
  • 検察庁廃止が実際の刑事司法に与える影響はどのように測定されるか

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

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